Sanderson Brooke, Brewer Margo
School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
Practice and Interprofessional Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
Nurse Educ Today. 2017 Nov;58:65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
Resilience has been identified as a key capability to thrive in the complex changing work environment of the 21st century. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to investigate how resilience is understood in the context of pre-qualifying health education, if there is a need to build student resilience, and what approaches to enhancing student resilience are described in the literature.
Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) literature scoping review design was adopted as it enables researchers to review, summarise and analyse the literature on a given topic. The databases searched were Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Proquest, Medline, Science Direct, and Education Resources Information Centre.
Four research questions informed the literature review: (1) how is resilience conceptualised in the literature?, (2) what evidence exists for the need for resilience enhancement?, (3) what resilience factors should inform resilience enhancement?, and (4) what resilience enhancement programs are described in the literature?
A total of 36 papers were reviewed in detail. Whilst the need for a focus on resilience across the health professions was evident an array of definitions and conceptualisations of resilience were described. A small number of approaches to enhancing resilience were identified.
Whilst widespread recognition of the importance of resilience in the health professions exists the area remains under theorised with limited conceptual models and robust interventions published to date.
适应力已被视为在21世纪复杂多变的工作环境中取得成功的关键能力。因此，本范围综述的目的是调查在资格预审健康教育背景下如何理解适应力，是否有必要培养学生的适应力，以及文献中描述了哪些增强学生适应力的方法。
采用了阿克西和奥马利（2005年）的文献范围综述设计，因为它能使研究人员对给定主题的文献进行综述、总结和分析。检索的数据库有护理及相关健康文献累积索引、Scopus、Proquest、Medline、科学Direct和教育资源信息中心。
四个研究问题为文献综述提供了依据：（1）文献中如何界定适应力的概念？（2）有哪些证据表明需要增强适应力？（3）哪些适应力因素应为增强适应力提供参考？（4）文献中描述了哪些增强适应力的项目？
共详细审查了36篇论文。虽然显然需要关注整个卫生专业领域的适应力，但文献中描述了一系列适应力的定义和概念。确定了少数几种增强适应力的方法。
虽然卫生专业领域对适应力的重要性已得到广泛认可，但该领域的理论研究仍然不足，迄今为止发表的概念模型和有力干预措施有限。
