Centre for Children's Health Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Appetite. 2018 Jan 1;120:240-245. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 9.
A varied and diverse diet in childhood supports optimum long-term preferences and growth. Previous analysis from 14-month-old Australian children in the NOURISH and South Australian Infants Dietary Intake (SAIDI) studies found higher formula intake was associated with lower dietary diversity. This analysis investigated whether formula intake and dietary diversity at 14 months of age is associated with dietary quality at 24 months. This is a secondary analysis of intake data from NOURISH and SAIDI cohorts. Scores for dietary diversity, fruit variety, vegetable variety and meat/alternative variety were combined using structural equation modelling to form the latent variable 'Dietary quality' (DQ) at age 24 months. A longitudinal model examined influence of formula (grams), cow's milk (grams) and dietary diversity at 14 months and covariates, on DQ. At age 24 months (n = 337) 27% of children obtained a maximum dietary diversity score (5/5). Variety scores were relatively low - with mean variety scores (and possible range) being four for fruit (0-30); five for vegetables (0-36); and three for meat/alternatives (0-8). Dietary diversity at 14 months (β = 0.19, p = 0.001), maternal age (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and education (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) predicted DQ at 24 months while Child Food Neophobia Score was negatively associated with DQ (β = -0.30, p < 0.001). Formula intake was negatively associated with diversity at 14 months, but not DQ at 24. Diversity and variety were limited despite sociodemographic advantage of the sample. Diversity at 14 months, degree of neophobia and sociodemographic factors predicted DQ at 24 months. There is an ongoing need to emphasise the importance of repeated early exposure to healthy foods, such that children have the opportunity to learn to like a range of tastes and texture, thereby maximising dietary diversity and quality in infancy and early toddlerhood.
儿童时期多样化的饮食有助于培养其长期的偏好和生长。之前，对来自澳大利亚 14 个月大的儿童进行的“滋养”研究和南澳大利亚婴幼儿饮食摄入研究（SAIDI）的分析发现，配方奶摄入量较高与较低的饮食多样性有关。本分析旨在探讨 14 个月大时的配方奶摄入量和饮食多样性是否与 24 个月大时的饮食质量有关。这是对“滋养”和 SAIDI 队列摄入数据的二次分析。使用结构方程模型对饮食多样性、水果种类、蔬菜种类和肉类/替代种类的评分进行组合，形成 24 个月时的潜在变量“饮食质量”（DQ）。纵向模型检验了 14 个月时的配方奶（克）、牛奶（克）和饮食多样性以及协变量对 DQ 的影响。在 24 个月时（n=337），27%的儿童获得了最高的饮食多样性评分（5/5）。种类得分相对较低——水果的平均种类得分（可能范围）为 4（0-30）；蔬菜为 5（0-36）；肉类/替代品为 3（0-8）。14 个月时的饮食多样性（β=0.19，p=0.001）、母亲年龄（β=0.24，p<0.001）和教育程度（β=0.22，p<0.001）预测了 24 个月时的 DQ，而儿童食物厌恶评分与 DQ 呈负相关（β=-0.30，p<0.001）。14 个月时的配方奶摄入量与多样性呈负相关，但与 24 个月时的 DQ 无关。尽管样本具有社会人口优势，但多样性和种类仍然有限。14 个月时的多样性、厌恶程度和社会人口因素预测了 24 个月时的 DQ。目前仍然需要强调反复尽早接触健康食品的重要性，使儿童有机会学习接受各种口味和质地，从而在婴儿期和幼儿期最大限度地提高饮食多样性和质量。
