Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 29;17(21):7931. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217931.
The term complementary feeding is defined as the period in which a progressive reduction of breastfeeding or infant-formula feeding takes place, while the infant is gradually introduced to solid foods. It is a crucial time in the infant's life, not only because of the rapid changes in nutritional requirements and the consequent impact on infant growth and development, but also for a generation of lifelong flavor preferences and dietary habits that will influence mid and long-term health. There is an increasing body of evidence addressing the pivotal role of nutrition, especially during the early stages of life, and its link to the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and allergic diseases. It is clear that the way in which a child is introduced to complementary foods may have effects on the individual's entire life. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of complementary feeding timing, composition, and mode on mid and long-term health outcomes, in the light of the current evidence. Furthermore, we suggest practical tips for a healthy approach to complementary feeding, aiming at a healthy future, and highlight gaps to be filled.
术语“补充喂养”定义为母乳喂养或婴儿配方奶逐渐减少的时期，同时婴儿逐渐引入固体食物。这是婴儿生命中的一个关键时期，不仅因为营养需求的快速变化，以及对婴儿生长和发育的影响，还因为这一代终身的口味偏好和饮食习惯将影响中期和长期健康。越来越多的证据表明营养在生命早期的关键作用，以及它与慢性非传染性疾病（如肥胖症、高血压、糖尿病和过敏性疾病）的发生之间的联系。显然，儿童引入补充食物的方式可能会对个体的整个生命产生影响。本综述的目的是根据现有证据讨论补充喂养时间、组成和方式对中期和长期健康结果的影响。此外，我们还为健康的补充喂养方法提供了一些实用建议，旨在为未来的健康打下基础，并强调需要填补的空白。
