Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Exp Gerontol. 2018 Jul 1;107:91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Sep 9.
Physical-cognitive interventions seem promising to improve balance and gait performances and prevent falls in the elderly. Although these beneficial effects, it is still not clear whether these physical-cognitive training modalities leads to more general non-specific adaptations that can be transferred to some measures reflecting every day abilities. This randomized controlled trial examined postural (center of pressure oscillations), physical (lower body strength, gait speed, functional mobility, dynamic balance) and cognitive performances (reaction time) and postural performance during daily life tasks (walking while conversing on a phone and maintaining an upright standing posture while buttoning a shirt) in older adults (66.29±3.61years) pre- and post- 6-months physical and physical-cognitive interventions. Results showed that both training modalities improve balance (p<0.001), physical functions (p<0.01) and attention (p<0.001) in older adults. Only simultaneous physical-cognitive training enhances performance in daily life tasks. Three months after the intervention, these improvements were generally maintained for physical functions and attention and were not maintained for the postural performances in daily life task. In conclusion, physical training improves postural balance, mobility, attention and physical functions in older adults. Only simultaneous physical-cognitive training modality enhances performance in some tasks relative to every day abilities. Nonetheless, these gains were lost after 3 months of detraining period suggesting a need for older people to participate regularly in such training for their daily life independence.
身体认知干预似乎有望改善老年人的平衡和步态表现，并预防跌倒。尽管这些有益的效果，目前仍不清楚这些身体认知训练模式是否会导致更普遍的非特异性适应，这些适应可以转移到一些反映日常能力的措施上。这项随机对照试验检查了老年人（66.29±3.61 岁）在身体和身体认知干预前和 6 个月后的姿势（压力中心振荡）、身体（下半身力量、步态速度、功能性移动性、动态平衡）和认知表现（反应时间）以及日常生活任务中的姿势表现（打电话时行走和扣衬衫时保持直立站立姿势）。结果表明，两种训练模式都能改善老年人的平衡（p<0.001）、身体功能（p<0.01）和注意力（p<0.001）。只有同时进行身体认知训练才能提高日常生活任务的表现。干预 3 个月后，这些改善在身体功能和注意力方面通常得到维持，而日常生活任务中的姿势表现则得不到维持。总之，身体训练可改善老年人的姿势平衡、移动性、注意力和身体功能。只有同时进行身体认知训练模式才能提高一些与日常生活能力相关的任务的表现。尽管如此，在 3 个月的脱训期后，这些收益消失了，这表明老年人需要定期参加这种训练，以保持日常生活的独立性。
