Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Oct 10;114(41):10870-10875. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1706255114. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
This study investigates change over time in the level of hiring discrimination in US labor markets. We perform a meta-analysis of every available field experiment of hiring discrimination against African Americans or Latinos ( = 28). Together, these studies represent 55,842 applications submitted for 26,326 positions. We focus on trends since 1989 ( = 24 studies), when field experiments became more common and improved methodologically. Since 1989, whites receive on average 36% more callbacks than African Americans, and 24% more callbacks than Latinos. We observe no change in the level of hiring discrimination against African Americans over the past 25 years, although we find modest evidence of a decline in discrimination against Latinos. Accounting for applicant education, applicant gender, study method, occupational groups, and local labor market conditions does little to alter this result. Contrary to claims of declining discrimination in American society, our estimates suggest that levels of discrimination remain largely unchanged, at least at the point of hire.
本研究调查了美国劳动力市场中招聘歧视程度随时间的变化。我们对每一项可用的针对非裔美国人和拉丁裔的招聘歧视现场实验进行了荟萃分析（= 28）。这些研究共有 55842 份申请，针对 26326 个职位。我们关注的是自 1989 年以来的趋势（= 24 项研究），当时现场实验变得更加普遍，方法上也有所改进。自 1989 年以来，白人接到的回复比非裔美国人平均多 36%，比拉丁裔多 24%。我们发现，在过去的 25 年里，针对非裔美国人的招聘歧视程度没有变化，尽管我们发现针对拉丁裔的歧视略有下降的迹象。考虑到申请人的教育程度、申请人的性别、研究方法、职业群体和当地劳动力市场条件，这一结果几乎没有改变。与美国社会歧视程度下降的说法相反，我们的估计表明，歧视水平至少在招聘阶段基本保持不变。
