杠铃深蹲时弹力带对下肢肌肉活动及运动学的影响
EFFECTS OF A BAND LOOP ON LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND KINEMATICS DURING THE BARBELL SQUAT.
作者信息
Foley Ryan C A, Bulbrook Brittany D, Button Duane C, Holmes Michael W R
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Aug;12(4):550-559.
BACKGROUND
Medial knee collapse can signal an underlying movement issue that, if uncorrected, can lead to a variety of knee injuries. Placing a band around the distal thigh may act as a proprioceptive aid to minimize medial collapse of the knee during squats; however, little is known about EMG and biomechanics in trained and untrained individuals during the squat with an elastic band added.
HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the TheraBand® Band Loop on kinematics and muscle activity of the lower extremity during a standard barbell back squat at different intensities in both trained and untrained individuals.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional, repeated measures.
METHODS
Sixteen healthy, male, university aged-participants were split into two groups of eight, consisting of a trained and untrained group. Participants performed both a 3-repetition maximum (3-RM) and a bodyweight load squat for repetitions to failure. Lower extremity kinematics and surface electromyography of four muscles were measured bilaterally over two sessions, an unaided squat and a band session (band loop placed around distal thighs). Medial knee collapse, measured as a knee width index, and maximum muscle activity were calculated.
RESULTS
During the 3-RM, squat weight was unaffected by band loop intervention (p = 0.486) and the trained group lifted more weight than the untrained group (p<0.007). The trained group had a greater squat depth for both squat conditions, regardless of the band (p = 0.0043). Knee width index was not affected by the band during the eccentric phase of bodyweight squats in the trained (band: 0.76 ± 0.08, no band: 0.73 ± 0.08) or untrained group (band: 0.77 ± 0.70, no band: 0.75 ± 0.13) (p = 0.670). During the concentric phase, knee width index was significantly lower for 3-RM squats, regardless of group.
CONCLUSION
Despite minimal changes in kinematics for the untrained group, increased muscle activity with the band loop may suggest that a training aid may, over time, lead to an increase in barbell squat strength by increasing activation of agonist muscles more than traditional, un-banded squats. Greater maximal muscle activity in most muscles during band loop sessions may provide enhanced knee stability via increased activation of stabilizing muscles.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
膝关节内侧塌陷可能预示着潜在的运动问题，若不加以纠正，可能会导致多种膝关节损伤。在大腿远端绑上弹力带可能有助于本体感觉，从而在深蹲时减少膝关节内侧塌陷；然而，对于在深蹲时使用弹力带的训练有素者和未受过训练者的肌电图和生物力学情况，我们知之甚少。
假设/目的：研究TheraBand®弹力带环对训练有素者和未受过训练者在不同强度标准杠铃后深蹲时下肢运动学及肌肉活动的影响。
研究设计
横断面、重复测量。
方法
16名健康的大学年龄男性参与者被分为两组，每组8人，分别为训练有素组和未受过训练组。参与者分别进行了3次最大重复量（3-RM）深蹲和自重负荷深蹲直至力竭。在两个阶段双侧测量了四块肌肉的下肢运动学和表面肌电图，即无辅助深蹲阶段和弹力带阶段（在大腿远端绑上弹力带环）。计算了作为膝关节宽度指数测量的膝关节内侧塌陷情况和最大肌肉活动量。
结果
在3-RM深蹲时，深蹲重量不受弹力带环干预的影响（p = 0.486），且训练有素组举起的重量比未受过训练组更多（p<0.007）。无论有无弹力带，训练有素组在两种深蹲情况下的深蹲深度都更大（p = 0.0043）。在自重深蹲的离心阶段，训练有素组（弹力带：0.76±0.08，无弹力带：0.73±0.08）或未受过训练组（弹力带：0.77±0.70，无弹力带：0.75±0.13）的膝关节宽度指数均不受弹力带影响（p = 0.670）。在向心阶段，无论组别如何，3-RM深蹲时的膝关节宽度指数均显著更低。
结论
尽管未受过训练组的运动学变化极小，但弹力带环使肌肉活动增加可能表明，随着时间推移，一种训练辅助工具可能通过比传统无弹力带深蹲更多地增加主动肌的激活，从而提高杠铃深蹲力量。在弹力带环阶段，大多数肌肉中更大的最大肌肉活动量可能通过增加稳定肌的激活来增强膝关节稳定性。
证据水平
3级。
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