Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 7;19(8):e0308344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308344. eCollection 2024.
Barbell squats are commonly utilized in resistance training for rehabilitation, daily living enhancement, and improving sports performance. The current study investigated the kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) parameters in the squat between sexes across different repetition ranges (1-, 3-, 6-, and 10-RM) among recreationally strength-trained subjects. A total of 26 subjects (13 men: age 25 ± 3.5 years, height 178.2 ± 5.8 cm, weight 82.3 ± 9.1 kg; 13 women: age 24 ± 4.1 years, height 165.4 ± 6.3 cm, weight 68.2 ± 8.7 kg) participated in the study. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The findings revealed no sex-specific differences in average barbell velocity across repetition ranges. However, the 1-RM showed a significantly lower average velocity compared to the final repetition of other repetition ranges (p<0.001), with the last repetition at 10-RM revealing a significantly higher velocity (p<0.001). Women had greater maximal angular hip extension velocity in the final repetitions of the 6- and 10-RM (p≤0.035, ηp2≤0.20), while both sexes displayed lower maximal angular knee extension velocity in the final repetition of the 10-RM (p = 0.028, ηp2 = 0.15). Moreover, men had lower EMG amplitude in the rectus femoris (3- and 10-RM), soleus, and lateral vastus (10-RM) compared to women (p≥0.011, ηp2≥0.26). It was concluded that 10-RM differed greatly in kinematics and EMG, suggesting different fatigue mechanisms compared to other repetition ranges with heavier loads. Furthermore, sex differences in EMG and angular hip extension velocity might imply sex-specific fatiguing mechanisms during high-repetition squats. These considerations could be important when prescribing training programs.
杠铃深蹲常用于康复、日常生活能力提升和提高运动表现的阻力训练。本研究调查了不同重复范围（1 次、3 次、6 次和 10 次最大重复次数）下，在经常进行力量训练的受试者中，男女之间的运动学和肌电图（EMG）参数。共有 26 名受试者（13 名男性：年龄 25 ± 3.5 岁，身高 178.2 ± 5.8cm，体重 82.3 ± 9.1kg；13 名女性：年龄 24 ± 4.1 岁，身高 165.4 ± 6.3cm，体重 68.2 ± 8.7kg）参加了研究。显著性水平设置为 p<0.05。结果显示，在重复范围内，男女之间的平均杠铃速度没有特定的性别差异。然而，1-RM 的平均速度明显低于其他重复范围的最后一次重复（p<0.001），而最后一次重复在 10-RM 时速度明显更高（p<0.001）。女性在 6-RM 和 10-RM 的最后一次重复中具有更大的最大髋伸角速度（p≤0.035，ηp2≤0.20），而男女在 10-RM 的最后一次重复中具有较低的最大膝伸角速度（p=0.028，ηp2=0.15）。此外，男性在 3-RM 和 10-RM 的股直肌、比目鱼肌和外侧股四头肌（10-RM）中的 EMG 振幅低于女性（p≥0.011，ηp2≥0.26）。结论是，10-RM 在运动学和 EMG 方面差异很大，与其他较重负荷的重复范围相比，可能存在不同的疲劳机制。此外，在高重复次数深蹲中，EMG 和髋伸角速度的性别差异可能意味着存在特定于性别的疲劳机制。在制定训练计划时，这些考虑因素可能很重要。
