Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K, Plekhanova Tatiana, Mandila Dafni, Lekatis Yannis, Tolfrey Keith
1School of Sport Science and Physical Activity,Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research,University of Bedfordshire,Bedford MK41 9EA,UK.
2Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Group,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences,Loughborough University,Loughborough LE11 3TU,UK.
Br J Nutr. 2017 Sep;118(5):392-400. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517002148.
It is not known if breakfast consumption is an effective intervention for altering daily energy balance in adolescents when compared with breakfast omission. This study examined the acute effect of breakfast consumption and omission on free-living energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) in adolescent girls. Using an acute randomised cross-over design, forty girls (age 13·3 (sd 0·8) years, BMI 21·5 (sd 5·0) kg/m2) completed two, 3-d conditions in a randomised, counter-balanced order: no breakfast (NB) and standardised (approximately 1962 kJ) breakfast (SB). Dietary intakes were assessed using food diaries combined with digital photographic records and PA was measured via accelerometry throughout each condition. Statistical analyses were completed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Post-breakfast EI was 483 (sd 1309) kJ/d higher in NB v. SB (P=0·025), but total daily EI was 1479 (sd 11311) kJ/d higher in SB v. NB (P<0·0005). Daily carbohydrate, fibre and protein intakes were higher in SB v. NB (P<0·0005), whereas daily fat intake was not different (P=0·405). Effect sizes met the minimum important difference of ≥0·20 for all significant effects. Breakfast manipulation did not affect post-breakfast macronutrient intakes (P≥0·451) or time spent sedentary or in PA (P≥0·657). In this sample of adolescent girls, breakfast omission increased post-breakfast free-living EI, but total daily EI was greater when a SB was consumed. We found no evidence that breakfast consumption induces compensatory changes in PA. Further experimental research is required to determine the effects of extended periods of breakfast manipulation in young people.
与不吃早餐相比，吃早餐是否是改变青少年每日能量平衡的有效干预措施尚不清楚。本研究调查了吃早餐和不吃早餐对青春期女孩自由生活能量摄入（EI）和身体活动（PA）的急性影响。采用急性随机交叉设计，40名女孩（年龄13.3（标准差0.8）岁，BMI 21.5（标准差5.0）kg/m²）以随机、交叉平衡的顺序完成两个为期3天的条件：不吃早餐（NB）和标准早餐（约1962千焦）（SB）。使用食物日记结合数码照片记录评估饮食摄入量，并在每个条件下通过加速度计测量身体活动。使用重复测量方差分析完成统计分析。不吃早餐组的早餐后EI比吃标准早餐组高483（标准差1309）千焦/天（P=0.025），但标准早餐组的每日总EI比不吃早餐组高1479（标准差11311）千焦/天（P<0.0005）。标准早餐组的每日碳水化合物、纤维和蛋白质摄入量高于不吃早餐组（P<0.0005），而每日脂肪摄入量无差异（P=0.405）。所有显著效应的效应量均达到≥0.20的最小重要差异。早餐处理对早餐后宏量营养素摄入量（P≥0.451）或久坐或进行身体活动的时间（P≥0.657）没有影响。在这个青春期女孩样本中，不吃早餐会增加早餐后自由生活的能量摄入，但吃标准早餐时每日总能量摄入更高。我们没有发现证据表明吃早餐会引起身体活动的代偿性变化。需要进一步的实验研究来确定长期早餐处理对年轻人的影响。
