Smith Deborah R, Jones Ben, Sutton Louise, King Roderick F G J, Duckworth Lauren C
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016 Dec;26(6):506-515. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0317. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
Good nutrition is essential for the physical development of adolescent athletes, however data on dietary intakes of adolescent rugby players are lacking. This study quantified and evaluated dietary intake in 87 elite male English academy rugby league (RL) and rugby union (RU) players by age (under 16 (U16) and under 19 (U19) years old) and code (RL and RU). Relationships of intakes with body mass and composition (sum of 8 skinfolds) were also investigated. Using 4-day diet and physical activity diaries, dietary intake was compared with adolescent sports nutrition recommendations and the UK national food guide. Dietary intake did not differ by code, whereas U19s consumed greater energy (3366 ± 658 vs. 2995 ± 774 kcal·day), protein (207 ± 49 vs. 150 ± 53 g·day) and fluid (4221 ± 1323 vs. 3137 ± 1015 ml·day) than U16s. U19s consumed a better quality diet than U16s (greater intakes of fruit and vegetables; 4.4 ± 1.9 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5 servings·day; nondairy proteins; 3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 servings·day) and less fats and sugars (2.0 ± 1. vs. 3.6 ± 2.1 servings·day). Protein intake vs. body mass was moderate (r = .46, p < .001), and other relationships were weak. The findings of this study suggest adolescent rugby players consume adequate dietary intakes in relation to current guidelines for energy, macronutrient and fluid intake. Players should improve the quality of their diet by replacing intakes from the fats and sugars food group with healthier choices, while maintaining current energy, and macronutrient intakes.
良好的营养对青少年运动员的身体发育至关重要，然而，关于青少年橄榄球运动员饮食摄入量的数据却很缺乏。本研究按年龄（16岁以下（U16）和19岁以下（U19））和项目（英式橄榄球联盟（RL）和英式橄榄球联合会（RU））对87名英国精英男子学院级橄榄球运动员的饮食摄入量进行了量化和评估。还研究了摄入量与体重和身体成分（8个皮褶厚度之和）之间的关系。通过4天的饮食和身体活动日记，将饮食摄入量与青少年运动营养建议和英国国家食物指南进行了比较。饮食摄入量在项目之间没有差异，而19岁以下的运动员比16岁以下的运动员消耗更多的能量（3366±658 vs. 2995±774千卡·天）、蛋白质（207±49 vs. 150±53克·天）和液体（4221±1323 vs. 3137±1015毫升·天）。19岁以下的运动员饮食质量比16岁以下的运动员更好（水果和蔬菜摄入量更多；4.4±1.9 vs. 2.8±1.5份·天；非乳类蛋白质；3.9±1.1 vs. 2.9±1.1份·天），脂肪和糖的摄入量更少（2.0±1 vs. 3.6±2.1份·天）。蛋白质摄入量与体重的相关性为中等（r = 0.46，p < 0.001），其他关系较弱。本研究结果表明，青少年橄榄球运动员的饮食摄入量符合当前关于能量、宏量营养素和液体摄入的指南。运动员应通过用更健康的选择替代脂肪和糖食物组的摄入量来提高饮食质量，同时保持当前的能量和宏量营养素摄入量。
