Tucker Derek B, Hedges Stephen Blair, Colli Guarino R, Pyron Robert Alexander, Sites Jack W
Biology Department University of West Florida Pensacola FL USA.
Department of Biology LSB 4102 Brigham Young University Provo UT USA.
Ecol Evol. 2017 Aug 1;7(17):7080-7090. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3157. eCollection 2017 Sep.
The phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Caribbean island ameivas () are not well-known because of incomplete sampling, conflicting datasets, and poor support for many clades. Here, we use phylogenomic and mitochondrial DNA datasets to reconstruct a well-supported phylogeny and assess historical colonization patterns in the group. We obtained sequence data from 316 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial marker for 16 of 19 extant species of the Caribbean endemic genus . Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using both concatenation and species tree approaches. To estimate divergence times, we used fossil teiids to calibrate a timetree which was used to elucidate the historical biogeography of these lizards. All phylogenetic analyses recovered four well-supported species groups (clades) recognized previously and supported novel relationships of those groups, including a ( + ) clade (western + central Caribbean), and a ( + ) clade (eastern Caribbean). Divergence between and its sister clade was estimated to have occurred ~25 Ma, with subsequent diversification on Caribbean islands occurring over the last 11 Myr. Of the six models compared in the biogeographic analyses, the scenario which considered the distance among islands and allowed dispersal in all directions best fit the data. These reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of this group colonized either Hispaniola or Puerto Rico from Middle America. We provide a well-supported phylogeny of with novel relationships not reported in previous studies that were based on significantly smaller datasets. We propose that colonized the eastern Greater Antilles from Middle America based on our biogeographic analysis, phylogeny, and divergence time estimates. The closing of the Central American Seaway and subsequent formation of the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation may have promoted dispersal in this group.
由于采样不完整、数据集相互矛盾以及许多分支的支持度较差，加勒比岛屿鞭尾蜥（）的系统发育关系和生物地理历史尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用系统发育基因组学和线粒体DNA数据集来重建一个得到充分支持的系统发育树，并评估该类群的历史殖民模式。我们从加勒比特有属19个现存物种中的16个物种的316个核基因座和一个线粒体标记中获得了序列数据。使用串联和物种树方法进行了系统发育分析。为了估计分歧时间，我们使用化石鞭尾蜥来校准一个时间树，该时间树用于阐明这些蜥蜴的历史生物地理学。所有系统发育分析都恢复了先前识别出的四个得到充分支持的物种组（分支），并支持了这些组之间的新关系，包括一个（+）分支（西加勒比海+中加勒比海）和一个（+）分支（东加勒比海）。与其姐妹分支之间的分歧估计发生在约2500万年前，随后在过去1100万年中加勒比岛屿上出现了多样化。在生物地理分析中比较的六个模型中，考虑岛屿间距离并允许向各个方向扩散的情景最符合数据。这些重建表明，该类群的祖先从中美洲殖民了伊斯帕尼奥拉岛或波多黎各。我们提供了一个得到充分支持的系统发育树，其中包含以前基于显著更小的数据集的研究中未报道的新关系。基于我们的生物地理分析、系统发育和分歧时间估计，我们提出从中美洲殖民了大安的列斯群岛东部。中美洲海道的关闭以及随后现代大西洋经向翻转环流的形成可能促进了该类群的扩散。
