1 Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
2 University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2017 Dec;43(12):1724-1736. doi: 10.1177/0146167217727732. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
For almost 50 years, psychologists have been theorizing about and measuring religiosity essentially the way Gordon Allport did, when he distinguished between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. However, there is a historical debate regarding what this scale actually measures, which items should be included, and how many factors or subscales exist. To provide more definitive answers, we estimated a series of confirmatory factor analysis models comparing four competing theories for how to score Gorsuch and McPherson's commonly used measure of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. We then formally investigated measurement invariance across U.S. Protestants, Irish Catholics, and Turkish Muslims and across U.S. Protestants, Catholics, and Muslims. We provide evidence that a five-item version of intrinsic religiosity is invariant across the U.S. samples and predicts less warmth toward atheists and gay men/lesbians, validating the scale. Our results suggest that a variation of Gorsuch and McPherson's measure may be appropriate for some but not all uses in cross-cultural research.
近 50 年来，心理学家一直在从理论上和测量上探讨宗教信仰，其基本方法与戈登·奥尔波特（Gordon Allport）区分内在宗教信仰和外在宗教信仰时类似。然而，关于该量表实际上测量什么、应包括哪些项目以及存在多少因素或子量表，一直存在历史争议。为了提供更明确的答案，我们估计了一系列验证性因素分析模型，比较了四种关于如何评分戈尔苏奇和麦克弗森（Gorsuch and McPherson）常用的内在和外在宗教信仰量表的理论。然后，我们正式考察了美国新教徒、爱尔兰天主教徒和土耳其穆斯林以及美国新教徒、天主教徒和穆斯林之间的测量不变性。我们提供的证据表明，内在宗教信仰的五分量表在美国样本中是不变的，并且可以预测对无神论者和男同性恋/女同性恋者的温暖程度较低，验证了该量表。我们的结果表明，戈尔苏奇和麦克弗森量表的变体可能适用于某些但不是所有跨文化研究的用途。
