Ng Qin Xiang, Ho Collin Yih Xian, Chan Hwei Wuen, Yong Bob Zheng Jie, Yeo Wee-Song
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore.
Complement Ther Med. 2017 Oct;34:123-128. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.018. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting some 8-10% of children worldwide. Increasing research has shed light on the life course of the disorder, suggesting that majority of children with ADHD will continue to have persistent symptoms into adulthood. The mainstay of ADHD management has been pharmacologic and behavioural/psychological interventions, with little attention paid to exercise as a potential management strategy. A systematic review, examining both the short-term and long-term effects of exercise on children with ADHD, is timely and necessary to guide further research in this area.
Using the keywords [exercise OR physical OR activity OR sport] AND [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder OR ADHD OR ADDH], a preliminary search on the PubMed and Ovid database yielded 613 papers published in English between 1-Jan-1980 and 1-July-2016. Full articles were also reviewed for references of interest.
A total of 30 studies were included in this systematic review. Both short-term and long-term studies support the clinical benefits of physical activity for individuals with ADHD. Cognitive, behavioural and physical symptoms of ADHD were alleviated in most instances, and the largest intervention effects were reported for mixed exercise programs. No adverse effects arising from physical exercise were reported in any of the studies, suggesting that exercise is a well-tolerated intervention.
Physical activity, in particular moderate-to-intense aerobic exercise, is a beneficial and well-tolerated intervention for children and adolescents with ADHD. Future research should include more adequately-powered trials and investigate the ideal exercise prescription.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经精神疾病之一，全球约8% - 10%的儿童受其影响。越来越多的研究揭示了该疾病的病程，表明大多数ADHD儿童成年后仍会持续出现症状。ADHD管理的主要方式一直是药物治疗和行为/心理干预，而很少有人关注运动作为一种潜在的管理策略。进行一项系统综述，考察运动对ADHD儿童的短期和长期影响，对于指导该领域的进一步研究而言既及时又必要。
使用关键词[运动或身体活动或体育活动或运动]和[注意缺陷多动障碍或ADHD或ADDH]，在PubMed和Ovid数据库上进行初步检索，得到1980年1月1日至2016年7月1日期间发表的613篇英文论文。还对全文进行了审查以获取相关参考文献。
本系统综述共纳入30项研究。短期和长期研究均支持体育活动对ADHD个体的临床益处。在大多数情况下，ADHD的认知、行为和身体症状都得到了缓解，混合运动项目的干预效果最为显著。所有研究均未报告体育锻炼产生的不良反应，这表明运动是一种耐受性良好的干预措施。
体育活动，尤其是中等到高强度的有氧运动，对患有ADHD的儿童和青少年是一种有益且耐受性良好的干预措施。未来的研究应包括更多样本量充足的试验，并探究理想的运动处方。
