Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W., H4B 1R6 Montreal, Québec, Canada; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., H3A 2B4 Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Dec;83:474-488. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.014. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Despite intense ongoing research efforts, the etiology of psychiatric disorders remains incompletely understood. Among biological factors playing a role in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Anxiety Disorders (ANX), emerging evidence points to the relevance of different types of glia cells and efficient neuron-glia interactions. Here, we review recent findings highlighting the involvement of central nervous system (CNS) glia in MDD and ANX etiology and treatment response. Additionally, several relatively underexplored topics will be discussed: (1) glial response to non-pharmacological therapies, (2) impact of early life adversity on glia, (3) influence of lifestyle factors on glia in the context of MDD and ANX, and (4) monitoring glial functions in patients. It can be concluded that despite the sequence of events is still unclear, alterations in glial cell types are common and somewhat overlapping in ANX, MDD and corresponding animal models. Furthermore, glia are responsive to a variety of treatment and lifestyle options. Looking forward, new research developments can lead to novel types of therapeutic or symptom-relieving approaches targeting glia.
尽管目前正在进行深入的研究，但精神疾病的病因仍不完全清楚。在参与重度抑郁症（MDD）和焦虑症（ANX）的生物因素中，新出现的证据表明不同类型的神经胶质细胞和有效的神经元-神经胶质相互作用具有相关性。在这里，我们回顾了最近的发现，这些发现强调了中枢神经系统（CNS）神经胶质在 MDD 和 ANX 病因学和治疗反应中的作用。此外，还将讨论几个相对较少被探索的话题：（1）神经胶质对非药物治疗的反应，（2）生命早期逆境对神经胶质的影响，（3）生活方式因素对 MDD 和 ANX 背景下神经胶质的影响，以及（4）监测患者的神经胶质功能。可以得出结论，尽管事件的顺序尚不清楚，但胶质细胞类型的改变在焦虑症、抑郁症及其相应的动物模型中是常见且有些重叠的。此外，神经胶质对各种治疗和生活方式选择有反应。展望未来，新的研究进展可以为针对神经胶质的新型治疗或缓解症状的方法提供新的途径。
