NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Changsha, China.
Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, 27 Zhongguancun South St, 100081, Beijing, China.
Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1665-1692. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02672-8. Epub 2022 Jan 11.
There have been a large number of reports about glial cell dysfunction being related to major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, we provide an overview of postmortem studies analyzing the structural changes of glial cells in these three major psychiatric diseases, including the density, number and size of glial cells, and the expression of related markers. Up to May 1, 2021, 108 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science. Although most studies evaluating total glial cells did not show abnormalities in the brains of postmortem patients, astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes seem to have specific patterns of changes in each disease. For example, out of 20 studies that evaluated astrocyte markers in MDD, 11 studies found decreased astrocyte marker expression in MDD patients. Similarly, out of 25 studies evaluating oligodendrocyte markers in SCZ, 15 studies showed decreased expression of oligodendrocyte markers in different brain regions of SCZ patients. In addition, activated microglial cells were observed in patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD, but suicide may be a confounding factor for the observed effects. Although the data from the included studies were heterogeneous and this cannot be fully explained at present, it is likely that there are a variety of contributing factors, including the measured brain regions, methods of measurement, gender, age at time of death, and medications.
已有大量报道表明，神经胶质细胞功能障碍与精神分裂症（SCZ）、双相情感障碍（BD）和重性抑郁障碍（MDD）等主要精神疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们概述了分析这三种主要精神疾病中神经胶质细胞结构变化的尸检研究，包括神经胶质细胞的密度、数量和大小，以及相关标志物的表达。截至 2021 年 5 月 1 日，通过搜索 PubMed 和 Web of Science，共确定了 108 篇符合纳入标准的文章。尽管大多数评估总神经胶质细胞的研究并未显示出尸检患者大脑存在异常，但星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞在每种疾病中似乎都有特定的变化模式。例如，在 20 项评估 MDD 中星形胶质细胞标志物的研究中，有 11 项研究发现 MDD 患者的星形胶质细胞标志物表达减少。同样，在 25 项评估 SCZ 中少突胶质细胞标志物的研究中，有 15 项研究显示 SCZ 患者不同脑区的少突胶质细胞标志物表达减少。此外，在 SCZ、BD 和 MDD 患者中观察到活化的小胶质细胞，但自杀可能是观察到的影响的一个混杂因素。尽管纳入研究的数据存在异质性，目前尚无法完全解释，但可能存在多种促成因素，包括测量的脑区、测量方法、性别、死亡时的年龄和药物等。
