Kaiser Jaclyn A, Wang Tian, Barrett Alan Dt
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Future Virol. 2017 May;12(5):283-295. doi: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0141. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus, has become endemic in the USA and parts of Europe since 1999. There is no licensed WNV vaccine for humans. Considering the robust immunity from immunization with live, attenuated vaccines, a live WNV vaccine is an ideal platform for disease control. Animal and mosquito studies have identified a number of candidate attenuating mutations, including the structural proteins premembrane/membrane and envelope, and the nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2A, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5, and the 3' UTR. Many of the mutations that have been examined attenuate WNV using different mechanisms, thus providing a greater understanding of WNV virulence while also identifying specific mutations as candidates to include in a WNV live vaccine.
西尼罗河病毒(WNV)是一种嗜神经性蚊媒黄病毒,自1999年以来已在美国和欧洲部分地区流行。目前尚无获批用于人类的西尼罗河病毒疫苗。考虑到减毒活疫苗可产生强大的免疫力,减毒活西尼罗河病毒疫苗是疾病控制的理想平台。动物和蚊虫研究已确定了一些候选减毒突变,包括结构蛋白前膜/膜蛋白和包膜蛋白,以及非结构蛋白NS1、NS2A、NS3、NS4A、NS4B和NS5,还有3'非翻译区(UTR)。许多已检测的突变通过不同机制使西尼罗河病毒减毒,从而在深入了解西尼罗河病毒毒力的同时,也确定了可纳入减毒活西尼罗河病毒疫苗的特定突变作为候选。