Beck Cécile, Leparc Goffart Isabelle, Franke Florian, Gonzalez Gaelle, Dumarest Marine, Lowenski Steeve, Blanchard Yannick, Lucas Pierrick, Lamballerie Xavier de, Grard Gilda, Durand Guillaume André, Zientara Stéphan, Tapprest Jackie, L'Ambert Grégory, Durand Benoit, Desvaux Stéphanie, Lecollinet Sylvie
UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13010 Marseille, France.
Pathogens. 2020 Oct 30;9(11):908. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9110908.
Since 2015, annual West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks of varying intensities have been reported in France. Recent intensification of enzootic WNV circulation was observed in the South of France with most horse cases detected in 2015 ( = 49), 2018 ( = 13), and 2019 ( = 13). A WNV lineage 1 strain was isolated from a horse suffering from West Nile neuro-invasive disease (WNND) during the 2015 episode in the Camargue area. A breaking point in WNV epidemiology was achieved in 2018, when WNV lineage 2 emerged in Southeastern areas. This virus most probably originated from WNV spread from Northern Italy and caused WNND in humans and the death of diurnal raptors. WNV lineage 2 emergence was associated with the most important human WNV epidemics identified so far in France (n = 26, including seven WNND cases and two infections in blood and organ donors). Two other major findings were the detection of WNV in areas with no or limited history of WNV circulation (Alpes-Maritimes in 2018, Corsica in 2018-2019, and Var in 2019) and distinct spatial distribution of human and horse WNV cases. These new data reinforce the necessity to enhance French WNV surveillance to better anticipate future WNV epidemics and epizootics and to improve the safety of blood and organ donations.
自2015年以来，法国每年都有不同强度的西尼罗河病毒（WNV）疫情报告。在法国南部观察到WNV在动物间的传播最近有所加剧，2015年（n = 49）、2018年（n = 13）和2019年（n = 13）检测到的马感染病例最多。在2015年卡马尔格地区的疫情期间，从一匹患有西尼罗河神经侵袭性疾病（WNND）的马身上分离出了一株WNV 1型毒株。2018年，WNV流行病学出现了一个转折点，当时WNV 2型在东南部地区出现。这种病毒很可能起源于从意大利北部传播过来的WNV，并导致了人类的WNND和昼行性猛禽的死亡。WNV 2型的出现与法国迄今确定的最重要的人类WNV疫情有关（n = 26，包括7例WNND病例以及2例血液和器官捐献者感染）。另外两个主要发现是在WNV传播史为零或有限的地区（2018年滨海阿尔卑斯省、2018 - 2019年科西嘉岛以及2019年瓦尔省）检测到WNV，以及人类和马的WNV病例的不同空间分布。这些新数据强化了加强法国WNV监测的必要性，以便更好地预测未来的WNV疫情和动物疫情，并提高血液和器官捐献的安全性。
