University of Glasgow Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine 464 Bearsden Rd Bearsden G61 1QH Scotland UK,
Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinarias "Desiderio Finamor". Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Estrada do Conde, 6000. Eldorado do Sul, Brasil, 92990-000.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2018 Jan 1;23(5):796-810. doi: 10.2741/4617.
Amitraz is an important product for the control of cattle ticks around the world. In comparison with other products for the control of ticks, it is quite affordable and it has a rapid knock-down effect. It binds with and activates adrenergic neuro-receptors of animals and it inhibits the action of monoamine oxidases (MAO). Resistance to amitraz has been documented in , and . Four mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, each of which is supported by evidence but none of which has been definitively confirmed as the cause of resistance in the field. The proposed mechanisms include genetic target site insensitivity in two G protein-coupled receptors, the beta-adrenergic octopamine receptor () and the octopamine/tyramine receptor (), increased expression or activity of monoamine oxidases and increased expression or activity of the ATP binding cassette transporter.
双甲脒是一种用于控制全世界牛蜱的重要产品。与其他蜱类控制产品相比，它的价格相当实惠，而且具有快速击倒的效果。它与动物的肾上腺素能神经受体结合并激活它们，并抑制单胺氧化酶（MAO）的作用。在 、 和 已经记录到对双甲脒的抗药性。已经提出了四种抗性机制，每种机制都有证据支持，但没有一种机制被明确确认为田间抗性的原因。提出的机制包括两种 G 蛋白偶联受体（β-肾上腺素能章鱼胺受体（）和章鱼胺/酪胺受体（））中遗传靶标部位的不敏感性、单胺氧化酶的表达或活性增加以及 ATP 结合盒转运蛋白的表达或活性增加。
