Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Open Biol. 2017 Sep;7(9). doi: 10.1098/rsob.170152.
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
癌细胞在转化过程中会经历许多不同的改变，包括遗传和表观遗传事件。通过下调肿瘤抑制基因，可以损害健康细胞的有控制分裂。在这里，我们提供了一种更新的机制，即表观遗传改变的编码和非编码肿瘤抑制基因是如何被牵连的。我们将强调表观遗传学在导致增强和无限分裂能力、基因组不稳定性、代谢转变、获得导致转移的间充质特征以及肿瘤可塑性的不同分子途径中的重要性。我们将简要描述这些途径，特别关注那些最近通过 DNA 甲基化描述的表观遗传失活的基因，以及那些在癌症中被证实为表观遗传沉默的基因。我们还将简要介绍目前可以逆转非编码肿瘤抑制基因表观遗传失活的临床治疗方法。
