Grasser Gerlinde, Titze Sylvia, Stronegger Willibald J
Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Health Management in Tourism, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria.
Z Gesundh Wiss. 2016;24(6):469-476. doi: 10.1007/s10389-016-0744-5. Epub 2016 Aug 6.
While the association between walkability and walking for transport has been well established, less is known about the association between walkability and neighbourhood satisfaction. This study aims to examine the direction and strength of the association between objective measures of residential walkability and neighbourhood satisfaction, as well as the differences by sex.
Using a cross-sectional study design, outcome data were derived from the representative cross-sectional survey (n = 843) 'Bicycle-friendly City' of adults in the city of Graz (Austria). Walkability was measured as gross population density, household unit density, entropy index, proportion of mixed land use, three-way intersection density, four-way intersection density and walkability indices. The outcomes were measured as general neighbourhood satisfaction and neighbourhood satisfaction with the general socio-environmental quality, social cohesion and local infrastructure. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, including age, socio-economic status and place of residence.
Walkability was negatively associated with general neighbourhood satisfaction, neighbourhood satisfaction with general socio-environmental quality and social cohesion. It was positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction with local infrastructure. Connectivity and the entropy index showed the weakest or no association with the outcomes. The strongest association was between walkability and neighbourhood satisfaction with socio-environmental quality. There were no differences by sex.
These results contribute to the current limited understanding of the association between walkability and neighbourhood satisfaction, especially in a European context. More comparable, longitudinal research would be helpful to determine what impact walkability has on neighbourhood satisfaction and to identify the important mediating factors.
虽然可步行性与出行步行之间的关联已得到充分证实，但对于可步行性与邻里满意度之间的关联了解较少。本研究旨在探讨居住可步行性的客观指标与邻里满意度之间关联的方向和强度，以及性别差异。
采用横断面研究设计，结果数据源自奥地利格拉茨市具有代表性的成人横断面调查（n = 843）“自行车友好型城市”。可步行性通过总人口密度、家庭单位密度、熵指数、混合土地利用比例、三岔路口密度、四岔路口密度和可步行性指数来衡量。结果指标为总体邻里满意度以及对总体社会环境质量、社会凝聚力和当地基础设施的邻里满意度。进行了逻辑回归分析，纳入了年龄、社会经济地位和居住地点。
可步行性与总体邻里满意度、对总体社会环境质量和社会凝聚力的邻里满意度呈负相关。它与对当地基础设施的邻里满意度呈正相关。连通性和熵指数与结果的关联最弱或无关联。可步行性与对社会环境质量的邻里满意度之间的关联最强。不存在性别差异。
这些结果有助于增进目前对可步行性与邻里满意度之间关联的有限理解，尤其是在欧洲背景下。更多具有可比性的纵向研究将有助于确定可步行性对邻里满意度有何影响，并识别重要的中介因素。
