Moudon Anne Vernez, Lee Chanam, Cheadle Allen D, Garvin Cheza, Johnson Donna, Schmid Thomas L, Weathers Robert D, Lin Lin
J Phys Act Health. 2006 Feb;3(s1):S99-S117. doi: 10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s99.
The concept of walkable neighborhoods is increasingly important in physical activity research and intervention. However, limited theoretical understanding and measurable definitions remain a challenge.
This paper reviews theories defining neighborhoods and offers an empirical approach to identify measurable attributes and thresholds of walkable neighborhoods. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are used for self-reported socio-demographic background, neighborhood walking behavior and perception, and objective measures of environments.
Environmental attributes positively associated with walking sufficiently to meet health recommendations included higher residential density and smaller street-blocks around home, and shorter distances to food and daily retail facilities from home. Threshold distances for eating/drinking establishments and grocery stores were 860 and 1445 feet.
Results questioned theoretical constructs of neighborhoods centered on recreation and educational uses. They pointed to finer mixes of uses than those characterizing suburban neighborhoods, and small spatial units of analysis and intervention to capture and promote neighborhood walkability.
在体育活动研究和干预中，适宜步行的社区概念日益重要。然而，理论理解有限且缺乏可衡量的定义仍是一项挑战。
本文回顾了定义社区的理论，并提供了一种实证方法来确定适宜步行社区的可衡量属性和阈值。双变量和多变量分析用于自我报告的社会人口背景、社区步行行为和感知以及环境的客观测量。
与足够步行以满足健康建议呈正相关的环境属性包括更高的居住密度、家周围更小的街区，以及从家到食品和日常零售设施的较短距离。餐饮场所和杂货店的阈值距离分别为860英尺和1445英尺。
研究结果对以娱乐和教育用途为中心的社区理论结构提出了质疑。它们指出，与郊区社区相比，用途组合更为精细，并且需要通过小空间分析和干预单元来捕捉和促进社区的步行便利性。
