Grasser Gerlinde, van Dyck Delfien, Titze Sylvia, Stronegger Willibald J
Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Health Management in Tourism, FH JOANNEUM, University of Applied Sciences, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria.
Eur J Public Health. 2017 Feb 1;27(1):145-151. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw118.
The association between GIS-based walkability and walking for transport is considered to be well established in USA and in Australia. Research on the association between walkability and cycling for transport in European cities is lacking. The aim of this study was to test the predictive validity of established walkability measures and to explore alternative walkability measures associated with walking and cycling for transport in a European context.
Outcome data were derived from the representative cross-sectional survey ( n = 843) ‘Radfreundliche Stadt’ of adults in the city of Graz (Austria). GIS-based walkability was measured using both established measures (e.g. gross population density, household unit density, entropy index, three-way intersection density, IPEN walkability index) and alternative measures (e.g. proportion of mixed land use, four-way intersection density, Graz walkability index). ANCOVAs were conducted to examine the adjusted association between walkability measures and outcomes.
Household unit density, proportion of mixed land use, three-way intersection density and IPEN walkability index were positively associated with walking for transport, but the other measures were not. All walkability measures were positively associated with cycling for transport.
The established walkability measures were applicable to a European city such as Graz. The alternative walkability measures performed well in a European context. Due to measurement issues the association between these walkability measures and walking for transport needs to be investigated further.
在美国和澳大利亚，基于地理信息系统（GIS）的可步行性与出行步行之间的关联已被认为是确凿的。在欧洲城市，关于可步行性与出行骑行之间关联的研究尚缺。本研究的目的是检验既定可步行性测量方法的预测效度，并在欧洲背景下探索与出行步行和骑行相关的其他可步行性测量方法。
结果数据源自奥地利格拉茨市具有代表性的成人横断面调查（n = 843）“对骑行友好的城市”。基于GIS的可步行性使用既定测量方法（如总人口密度、家庭单位密度、熵指数、三岔路口密度、IPEN可步行性指数）和其他测量方法（如混合土地利用比例、十字路口密度、格拉茨可步行性指数）进行测量。进行协方差分析以检验可步行性测量方法与结果之间的校正关联。
家庭单位密度、混合土地利用比例、三岔路口密度和IPEN可步行性指数与出行步行呈正相关，但其他测量方法并非如此。所有可步行性测量方法与出行骑行均呈正相关。
既定的可步行性测量方法适用于像格拉茨这样的欧洲城市。其他可步行性测量方法在欧洲背景下表现良好。由于测量问题，这些可步行性测量方法与出行步行之间的关联需要进一步研究。
