South Australian Research and Development Institute, Food Safety and Innovation, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
South Australian Research and Development Institute, Food Safety and Innovation, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
Food Microbiol. 2018 Feb;69:196-203. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.08.014. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Internationally human enteric viruses, such as norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), are frequently associated with shellfish related foodborne disease outbreaks, and it has been suggested that acceptable NoV limits based on end-point testing be established for this high risk food group. Currently, shellfish safety is generally managed through the use of indicators of faecal contamination. Between July 2014 and August 2015, a national prevalence survey for NoV and HAV was done in Australian oysters suitable for harvest. Two sampling rounds were undertaken to determine baseline levels of these viruses. Commercial Australian growing areas, represented by 33 oyster production regions in New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland, were included in the survey. A total of 149 and 148 samples were collected during round one and two of sampling, respectively, and tested for NoV and HAV by quantitative RT-PCR. NoV and HAV were not detected in oysters collected in either sampling round, indicating an estimated prevalence for these viruses in Australian oysters of <2% with a 95% confidence interval based on the survey design. The low estimated prevalence of foodborne viruses in Australian oysters was consistent with epidemiological evidence, with no oyster-related foodborne viral illness reported during the survey period.
国际上，人类肠道病毒，如诺如病毒（NoV）和甲型肝炎病毒（HAV），常与贝类相关的食源性疾病爆发有关，因此有人建议为这种高风险食品组制定基于终点检测的可接受 NoV 限量。目前，贝类安全通常通过粪便污染指示物来管理。2014 年 7 月至 2015 年 8 月，对澳大利亚适合收获的牡蛎中的 NoV 和 HAV 进行了全国流行率调查。进行了两轮采样，以确定这些病毒的基线水平。该调查包括了新南威尔士州、南澳大利亚州、塔斯马尼亚州和昆士兰州的 33 个牡蛎生产区，代表澳大利亚商业养殖区。在第一轮和第二轮采样中，分别采集了 149 和 148 个样本，并通过定量 RT-PCR 检测 NoV 和 HAV。在两轮采样中均未从牡蛎中检测到 NoV 和 HAV，这表明这些病毒在澳大利亚牡蛎中的估计流行率<2%，基于调查设计的 95%置信区间。澳大利亚牡蛎中食源性病原体的低估计流行率与流行病学证据一致，在调查期间没有报告与牡蛎相关的食源性病毒病。
