Peterson J E, Jago M V, Payne A L, Stewart P L
CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Parkville, Victoria.
Aust Vet J. 1987 Oct;64(10):293-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1987.tb07329.x.
Pure phomopsin was administered to young Merino x Border Leicester wethers by single subcutaneous (SC) and by single and multiple intraruminal (IR) injection. The toxicity after IR injection was influenced by the size of individual doses and the time over which the total dose was given. At high levels of ingestion the toxicity of phomopsin may be limited by absorption rates; with low daily doses the capacity to repair liver damage may be sufficient to prevent cumulative effects. By SC injection a single dose of 10 micrograms/kg approximated the LD50. By IR injection the overall clinical, biochemical and histological responses closest to these of this SC dose resulted from a single dose of 1,000 micrograms/kg. The same total dose administered at daily rates of 50 or 200 micrograms/kg was more toxic and killed all sheep. A single dose of 500 micrograms/kg caused significant liver damage, but no deaths. Single doses of 125 and 250 micrograms/kg and repeated daily doses of 12.5 micrograms/kg over 16 weeks caused no detectable tissue damage. Inappetence was the most sensitive indicator of phomopsin toxicity. About 10% of the sheep differed substantially from the rest of the flock in their susceptibility to phomopsin poisoning.
将纯腐马素通过单次皮下注射（SC）以及单次和多次瘤胃内注射（IR）给予年轻的美利奴×边境莱斯特阉羊。瘤胃内注射后的毒性受单次剂量大小以及给予总剂量的时间影响。在高摄入量时，腐马素的毒性可能受吸收速率限制；每日低剂量时，修复肝脏损伤的能力可能足以防止累积效应。通过皮下注射，10微克/千克的单次剂量接近半数致死量（LD50）。通过瘤胃内注射，最接近该皮下注射剂量的总体临床、生化和组织学反应是由1000微克/千克的单次剂量引起的。以每日50或200微克/千克的速率给予相同总剂量毒性更大，导致所有绵羊死亡。500微克/千克的单次剂量造成了显著的肝脏损伤，但无死亡。125和250微克/千克的单次剂量以及在16周内每日重复给予12.5微克/千克的剂量未造成可检测到的组织损伤。食欲不振是腐马素毒性最敏感的指标。约10%的绵羊对腐马素中毒的易感性与羊群其他个体有很大差异。
