School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Feb 1;613-614:886-893. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.181. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
To investigate the exposure risk of human beings to nine potentially toxic metals (PTMs), namely, Cu, Cr, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Co, skin wipe samples were collected from four types of populations, namely, children, undergraduates, security guards, and professional drivers, under different haze pollution levels in Xinxiang, China by using Ghost wipes. The Ghost wipes were quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. Generally, Zn (ND-1350μg/m for undergraduates, ND-2660μg/m for security guards, ND-2460μg/m for children, and ND-2530μg/m for professional drivers) showed the highest concentration among the four populations, followed by Cu (0.02-83.4μg/m for undergraduates, ND-70.2μg/m for security guards, 23.2-487μg/m for children, and ND-116μg/m for professional drivers). As (ND-5.7μg/m for undergraduates, ND-2.3μg/m for security guards, ND-21.1μg/m for children, and ND-11.0μg/m for professional drivers) and Co (ND-6.0μg/m for undergraduates, ND-7.9μg/m for security guards, ND-13.4μg/m for children, and ND-2.1μg/m for professional drivers) showed the lowest concentrations in all populations. Remarkable differences were found among the four populations and PTM levels decreased in the following order: children, professional drivers, security guards, and undergraduates. Gender variation was discovered for undergraduates and children. Generally, PTM contamination in skin wipes collected during a light haze pollution level was generally higher than that during a heavy haze pollution level, but PTM contamination was comparable between the two haze pollution levels for children. Non-carcinogenic exposure risks to As, Cd, and Pb for all populations were higher than those for the other six elements but all of them were within the acceptable safety threshold, indicating no apparent non-carcinogenic risk.
为了研究人类接触九种潜在有毒金属（PTMs）的暴露风险，即 Cu、Cr、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Ni、Mn 和 Co，我们使用 Ghost 擦拭物采集了来自中国新乡不同雾霾污染水平下的四类人群（儿童、大学生、保安和职业司机）的皮肤擦拭样本。将 Ghost 擦拭物用微波消解后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）定量分析。一般来说，Zn（大学生为 ND-1350μg/m，保安为 ND-2660μg/m，儿童为 ND-2460μg/m，职业司机为 ND-2530μg/m）在这四类人群中浓度最高，其次是 Cu（大学生为 0.02-83.4μg/m，保安为 ND-70.2μg/m，儿童为 23.2-487μg/m，职业司机为 ND-116μg/m）。As（大学生为 ND-5.7μg/m，保安为 ND-2.3μg/m，儿童为 ND-21.1μg/m，职业司机为 ND-11.0μg/m）和 Co（大学生为 ND-6.0μg/m，保安为 ND-7.9μg/m，儿童为 ND-13.4μg/m，职业司机为 ND-2.1μg/m）在所有人群中的浓度最低。四类人群之间存在显著差异，且 PTM 水平按以下顺序降低：儿童、职业司机、保安和大学生。在大学生和儿童中发现了性别差异。一般来说，轻雾霾污染水平下采集的皮肤擦拭物中的 PTM 污染普遍高于重雾霾污染水平，但对于儿童，两种雾霾污染水平之间的 PTM 污染相当。所有人群对 As、Cd 和 Pb 的非致癌暴露风险均高于其余六种元素，但均在可接受的安全阈值内，表明不存在明显的非致癌风险。
