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翻滚在细菌群集运动中的作用。

Role of tumbling in bacterial swarming.

机构信息

Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.

出版信息

Phys Rev E. 2017 Aug;96(2-1):022407. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.022407. Epub 2017 Aug 16.

Abstract

Typical wild-type bacteria swimming in sparse suspensions exhibit a movement pattern called "run and tumble," characterized by straight trajectories (runs) interspersed by shorter, random reorientation (tumbles). This is achieved by rotating their flagella counterclockwise, or clockwise, respectively. The chemotaxis signaling network operates in controlling the frequency of tumbles, enabling navigation toward or away from desired regions in the medium. In contrast, while in dense populations, flagellated bacteria exhibit collective motion and form large dynamic clusters, whirls, and jets, with intricate dynamics that is fundamentally different than trajectories of sparsely swimming cells. Although collectively swarming cells do change direction at the level of the individual cell, often exhibiting reversals, it has been suggested that chemotaxis does not play a role in multicellular colony expansion, but the change in direction stems from clockwise flagellar rotation. In this paper, the effects of cell rotor switching (i.e., the ability to tumble) and chemotaxis on the collective statistics of swarming bacteria are studied experimentally in wild-type Bacillus subtilis and two mutants-one that does not tumble and one that tumbles independently of the chemotaxis system. We show that while several of the parameters examined are similar between the strains, other collective and individual characteristics are significantly different. The results demonstrate that tumbling and/or flagellar directional rotor switching has an important role on the dynamics of swarming, and imply that swarming models of self-propelled rods that do not take tumbling and/or rotor switching into account may be oversimplified.

摘要

典型的在稀疏悬浮液中游动的野生型细菌表现出一种被称为“奔跑和翻滚”的运动模式,其特征是直线路径(奔跑)穿插着较短的随机重新定向(翻滚)。这是通过逆时针或顺时针旋转它们的鞭毛来实现的。趋化信号网络在控制翻滚频率方面发挥作用,使细菌能够在培养基中朝向或远离期望的区域进行导航。相比之下,当处于密集群体中时,鞭毛细菌表现出集体运动,并形成大的动态簇、漩涡和射流,具有与稀疏游动细胞轨迹根本不同的复杂动力学。尽管集体游动的细胞确实会在个体细胞水平上改变方向,通常会出现反转,但有人认为趋化作用在多细胞菌落扩张中不起作用,而是方向的改变源于顺时针鞭毛旋转。在本文中,我们通过实验研究了细胞转子切换(即翻滚能力)和趋化作用对野生型枯草芽孢杆菌和两种突变体(一种不能翻滚,一种独立于趋化系统翻滚)的群体细菌集体统计学的影响。我们表明,虽然在菌株之间检查的几个参数相似,但其他集体和个体特征有显著差异。结果表明,翻滚和/或鞭毛定向转子切换对群集动力学有重要作用,这意味着不考虑翻滚和/或转子切换的自推进棒状模型的群集模型可能过于简单化。

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