Kim Eun-A
Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea.
Int Neurourol J. 2017 Sep;21(3):155-162. doi: 10.5213/inj.1734954.477. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
Particulate matter (PM) has been found to damage vital body organs, including the lungs and heart, through vascular damage and oxidative stress. Recently, renal function and chronic urologic diseases have also been found to be related to PM. To investigate this, we reviewed the characteristics of PM related to renal toxicity, including recent studies on the associations of urologic diseases with PM. PM can include constituents that cause renal toxicity, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and crystalline silica, which result in renal tubular or interstitial damage. Since 2008, 7 studies have evaluated the renal effects of PM. Two prospective cohort studies and a quantitative study of consecutive patients showed that PM may be related to decreased renal function, as shown by the estimated glomerular filtration rate of diseased or aged participants. Two cross-sectional studies found an association between PM and chronic kidney disease. One of those studies identified the specific renal diseases of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Two studies that analyzed renal cancer and PM showed no evidence that renal cancer is related to PM. Nine studies were evaluated regarding the relationship of bladder and prostate cancer with PM. The evidence for an association of PM with bladder and prostate cancer is still inconclusive. Although some recently published studies have shown a significant relationship, the causal relationship is not clear. Further well-designed studies on specific renal diseases are required.
已发现颗粒物（PM）可通过血管损伤和氧化应激损害包括肺和心脏在内的重要身体器官。最近，还发现肾功能和慢性泌尿系统疾病也与PM有关。为了对此进行研究，我们回顾了与肾毒性相关的PM的特征，包括最近关于泌尿系统疾病与PM关联的研究。PM可包含导致肾毒性的成分，如铅、镉、砷和结晶硅石，这些会导致肾小管或间质损伤。自2008年以来，有7项研究评估了PM对肾脏的影响。两项前瞻性队列研究和一项对连续患者的定量研究表明，PM可能与肾功能下降有关，患病或老年参与者的估计肾小球滤过率可证明这一点。两项横断面研究发现PM与慢性肾脏病之间存在关联。其中一项研究确定了免疫球蛋白A肾病和膜性肾病等特定肾脏疾病。两项分析肾癌与PM的研究未发现证据表明肾癌与PM有关。有9项研究评估了膀胱癌和前列腺癌与PM的关系。PM与膀胱癌和前列腺癌之间存在关联的证据仍不确凿。尽管最近发表的一些研究显示出显著关系，但因果关系尚不清楚。需要针对特定肾脏疾病开展进一步精心设计的研究。
