Scotto Gaetano, Fazio Vincenzina, Lo Muzio Lorenzo
Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Master's Degree in Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Virology, Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Infez Med. 2017 Sep 1;25(3):199-209.
Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been decreasing in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) in recent decades, specific subgroups of the population, such as immigrants, remain at high risk of the disease. Immigration from areas of high incidence is thought to have fuelled the resurgence of TB in areas of low incidence. Indeed, while immigrants have a high risk of acquiring TB prior to migration, after migration they are exposed to additional risk factors for acquiring or reactivating TB infection, such as poverty, stressful living conditions, social inequalities, overcrowded housing, malnutrition, substance abuse and limited access to health care. In Italy as well, TB has increasingly become a disease for specific population subgroups such as immigrants and in urban settings often driven by reactivation of imported latent TB infection (LTBI). In this paper we present an analysis of the national scientific literature from recent years in order to estimate the burden of TB in foreign-born populations, to establish the burden of TB in migrants by gender, age group and country of origin as well as other relevant subgroups, and evaluate the clinical manifestations of latent or active tuberculosis and treatment response.
尽管近几十年来欧盟/欧洲经济区（EU/EEA）的结核病（TB）发病率一直在下降，但特定人群亚组，如移民，仍然面临着较高的患病风险。来自高发病率地区的移民被认为是低发病率地区结核病卷土重来的原因。事实上，虽然移民在移民前感染结核病的风险很高，但移民后他们又面临着感染或重新激活结核感染的其他风险因素，如贫困、紧张的生活条件、社会不平等、住房拥挤、营养不良、药物滥用以及获得医疗保健的机会有限。在意大利，结核病也越来越成为特定人群亚组（如移民）的疾病，在城市环境中，往往是由输入性潜伏结核感染（LTBI）的重新激活所驱动。在本文中，我们对近年来的国家科学文献进行了分析，以估计外国出生人口中的结核病负担，按性别、年龄组和原籍国以及其他相关亚组确定移民中的结核病负担，并评估潜伏性或活动性结核病的临床表现及治疗反应。
