Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States.
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Dec;47:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.09.008. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
The vertebrate nervous system is divided into two functional halves; the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of nerves and ganglia. Incoming peripheral stimuli transmitted from the periphery to the CNS and subsequent motor responses created because of this information, require efficient communication between the two halves that make up this organ system. Neurons and glial cells of each half of the nervous system, which are the main actors in this communication, segregate across nervous system transition zones and never mix, allowing for efficient neurotransmission. Studies aimed at understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the development and maintenance of these transition zones have predominantly focused on mammalian models. However, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism to study these structures and has allowed researchers to identify novel glial cells and mechanisms essential for nervous system assembly. This review will highlight recent advances into the important role that glial cells play in building and maintaining the nervous system and its boundaries.
中枢神经系统（CNS），包括大脑和脊髓，以及周围神经系统（PNS），由神经和神经节组成。从周围传入中枢神经系统的外周刺激和由此产生的运动反应，需要构成该器官系统的两半之间进行有效的通信。神经系统两半的神经元和神经胶质细胞是这种通信的主要参与者，它们在神经过渡区分离，从不混合，从而实现有效的神经递质传递。旨在了解控制这些过渡区发育和维持的细胞和分子机制的研究主要集中在哺乳动物模型上。然而，斑马鱼已成为研究这些结构的强大模式生物，并使研究人员能够识别出对神经系统组装至关重要的新型神经胶质细胞和机制。这篇综述将重点介绍神经胶质细胞在构建和维持神经系统及其边界方面所起的重要作用的最新进展。
