Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
Electrophoresis. 2018 Jan;39(2):289-310. doi: 10.1002/elps.201700340. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
Biochemical detection plays a critical role in many analytical fields. For example, blood samples include many proteins with relevance to disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Foods and beverages contain a large number of chemicals and compounds which must be quantified and characterized to ensure their compliance with safety standards. Detecting trace amounts of contaminants in ambient air or water samples is essential in monitoring the environment and protecting human health. Therefore, effective techniques for performing the rapid and reliable detection of targeted analytes are required. Compared to conventional macroscale devices, microfluidic systems have many advantages, including a greater sensitivity, a faster response time, a reduced sample and reagent consumption, and a greater portability. Accordingly, many microfluidic systems for sample detection have been proposed in recent years. The performance of such devices relies on the target analyte being present in a sufficient concentration to enable its detection. In many biomedical, food testing and environmental applications, the detection limit was restricted. Thus, the sample must first be concentrated before the detection process is carried out. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive review of recent advances for sample preconcentration with emphasis on utilizing ion concentration polarization (ICP) effects in micro/nanofluidics platforms. We start with a brief introduction regarding the importance of preconcentration using micro/nanofluidics platforms, followed by in-depth discussions of the ICP effects for the preconcentration and applications to biomedical analysis, food testing and environmental monitoring. Finally, the article concludes with a brief perspective on the future development of the field.
生化检测在许多分析领域中起着至关重要的作用。例如，血液样本中包含许多与疾病诊断和治疗监测相关的蛋白质。食品和饮料中含有大量的化学物质和化合物，必须对其进行定量和定性分析，以确保其符合安全标准。检测环境空气中或水样中的痕量污染物对于监测环境和保护人类健康至关重要。因此，需要有效的技术来快速可靠地检测目标分析物。与传统的宏观设备相比，微流控系统具有许多优势，包括更高的灵敏度、更快的响应时间、更少的样品和试剂消耗以及更高的便携性。因此，近年来提出了许多用于样品检测的微流控系统。这些设备的性能取决于目标分析物的存在浓度足以进行检测。在许多生物医学、食品测试和环境应用中，检测限受到限制。因此，在进行检测之前，必须先对样品进行浓缩。因此，本综述全面回顾了近年来利用微纳流控平台中离子浓度极化（ICP）效应进行样品预浓缩的最新进展。我们首先简要介绍了利用微纳流控平台进行浓缩的重要性，然后深入讨论了 ICP 效应对预浓缩和生物医学分析、食品测试和环境监测应用的影响。最后，文章简要展望了该领域的未来发展。
