a Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.
b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
Gut Microbes. 2018 Jan 2;9(1):84-92. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1371893. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
The mechanisms underlying the systemic effects mediated by gut microbiota are under active investigation. In addition to local, direct effects of gut microbiota on the host, metabolic products from microbiota may act peripherally, reaching distal organs through the circulation. In our recent publication we demonstrated that gut microbiota influence bone remodeling distally, promoting both bone resorption and formation. We proposed that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by the induction of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) by the microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Here we explore additional mechanisms by which microbial metabolites could directly or indirectly alter host bone remodeling. We discuss whether SCFA directly modulate bone resorption by their actions on osteoclasts, and test the possibility that serotonin is another gut microbiota derived long-distance mediator of effects on bone remodeling. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of microbiota effect on bone remodeling could help establish potential therapeutic strategies to promote bone health.
肠道微生物群介导的系统作用的机制正在积极研究中。除了肠道微生物群对宿主的局部、直接作用外，微生物群的代谢产物还可能通过循环作用于外周，到达远端器官。在我们最近的研究中，我们证明了肠道微生物群会影响远端的骨骼重塑，促进骨吸收和形成。我们提出，这些作用至少部分是由微生物代谢物短链脂肪酸（SCFA）诱导胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）来介导的。在这里，我们探讨了微生物代谢物通过直接或间接改变宿主骨重塑的其他机制。我们讨论了 SCFA 是否通过其对破骨细胞的作用直接调节骨吸收，并且还检验了血清素是否是另一种源自肠道微生物群的、对骨骼重塑作用的远距离介质的可能性。深入了解微生物群对骨骼重塑的作用机制有助于确定促进骨骼健康的潜在治疗策略。
