Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185; email:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716.
Annu Rev Virol. 2017 Sep 29;4(1):201-219. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041639.
Viral abundance in soils can range from below detection limits in hot deserts to over 1 billion per gram in wetlands. Abundance appears to be strongly influenced by water availability and temperature, but a lack of informational standards creates difficulties for cross-study analysis. Soil viral diversity is severely underestimated and undersampled, although current measures of viral richness are higher for soils than for aquatic ecosystems. Both morphometric and metagenomic analyses have raised questions about the prevalence of nontailed, ssDNA viruses in soils. Soil is complex and critically important to terrestrial biodiversity and human civilization, but impacts of viral activities on soil ecosystem services are poorly understood. While information from aquatic systems and medical microbiology suggests the potential for viral influences on nutrient cycles, food web interactions, gene transfer, and other key processes in soils, very few empirical data are available. To understand the soil virome, much work remains.
土壤中的病毒丰度范围从干旱沙漠中的检测下限到湿地中的每克超过 10 亿个。病毒丰度似乎受到水分和温度的强烈影响，但缺乏信息标准给跨研究分析造成了困难。尽管目前土壤中病毒丰富度的测量值高于水生生态系统，但土壤病毒多样性却被严重低估和采样不足。形态计量学和宏基因组学分析都提出了关于非长尾、单链 DNA 病毒在土壤中普遍存在的问题。土壤复杂，对陆地生物多样性和人类文明至关重要，但病毒活动对土壤生态系统服务的影响知之甚少。虽然来自水生系统和医学微生物学的信息表明，病毒可能对营养循环、食物网相互作用、基因转移和土壤中的其他关键过程产生影响，但目前几乎没有可用的经验数据。为了了解土壤病毒组，还有很多工作要做。
