Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2018 Jan;140(1):18-25. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12334. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
It is unclear whether the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is greater with maternal smoking or with passive smoking during pregnancy.
To compare the effects of smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy on the risk of NTDs.
English and Chinese databases were searched for relevant papers published before March 2017, using search terms including "smoking" and "NTD."
Case-control and cohort studies on the aforementioned association were included.
Two authors independently extracted the original data. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the risks associated with smoking and passive smoking, followed by a comparison of the two pooled effect estimates. The I statistic was used to examine between-study heterogeneity.
The final analysis included 23 articles representing 33 studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of NTDs was 1.052 (0.907-1.220) with smoking and 1.898 (1.557-2.313) with passive smoking. Comparison of these ORs indicated that the risk of NTDs was higher with passive smoking than with smoking (OR 1.804, 95% CI 1.409-2.309).
Compared with smoking, exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy carries a higher risk of having infants with NTDs.
目前尚不清楚母亲吸烟或怀孕期间被动吸烟与神经管缺陷（NTD）的发生率增高有关。
比较孕期吸烟和被动吸烟对 NTD 风险的影响。
检索了截至 2017 年 3 月前发表的相关英文和中文文献数据库，使用的检索词包括“吸烟”和“NTD”。
纳入了上述相关性的病例对照和队列研究。
两名作者独立提取原始数据。对吸烟和被动吸烟相关风险进行了荟萃分析，并对两种合并效应估计值进行了比较。使用 I ² 统计量评估研究间的异质性。
最终分析纳入了 23 篇文章，代表 33 项研究。吸烟与 NTD 风险的合并比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）为 1.052（0.907-1.220），而被动吸烟则为 1.898（1.557-2.313）。比较这些 OR 值表明，与吸烟相比，孕期被动吸烟与 NTD 风险增高相关（OR 1.804，95% CI 1.409-2.309）。
与吸烟相比，孕妇接触被动吸烟会增加婴儿发生 NTD 的风险。
