癌症中的微小RNA：早期检测、疾病监测及治疗药物方面的挑战与机遇
MicroRNAs in Cancer: challenges and opportunities in early detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic agents.
作者信息
Chatterjee Namita, Rana Shushan, Espinosa-Diez Cristina, Anand Sudarshan
机构信息
Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239.
Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239.
出版信息
Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2017 Mar;5(1):35-42. doi: 10.1007/s40139-017-0123-0. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The goals of this review are to examine the usefulness of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer and to evaluate the applicability of miRNAs as cancer therapeutics.
RECENT FINDINGS
Examination of miRNA milieu from body fluids offers a new alternative for quick, affordable and easy analysis of disease status in patients. Blood-based exosomal miRNAs have increased stability and are an excellent choice for clinical cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Currently, there are many miRNA signatures associated with cancer and progression but there is no consensus among multiple sera and tumor sample studies. Off-target and immunological effects remains an obstacle for use of miRNAs as novel chemotherapeutics in the clinic. Recent developments in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems which target the tumor microenvironment may provide an alternative therapeutic approach with decreased toxicity.
SUMMARY
This review critically evaluates the literature investigating the use of miRNAs as biomarkers and their future as potential therapeutics.
综述目的
本综述的目的是研究微小RNA（miRNA）作为癌症诊断和预后生物标志物的实用性，并评估miRNA作为癌症治疗手段的适用性。
最新发现
检测体液中的miRNA环境为快速、经济且简便地分析患者疾病状态提供了一种新的选择。基于血液的外泌体miRNA具有更高的稳定性，是临床癌症诊断和预后评估的理想选择。目前，有许多与癌症及其进展相关的miRNA特征，但在多个血清和肿瘤样本研究中尚未达成共识。脱靶效应和免疫效应仍然是miRNA在临床中作为新型化疗药物应用的障碍。纳米技术和靶向肿瘤微环境的药物递送系统的最新进展可能提供一种毒性降低的替代治疗方法。
总结
本综述批判性地评估了有关将miRNA用作生物标志物的研究文献及其作为潜在治疗手段的未来前景。
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