Spotorno Sara, Tatler Benjamin W
Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow.
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2017 Oct;43(10):1717-1743. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000456.
We examined the extent to which semantic informativeness, consistency with expectations and perceptual salience contribute to object prioritization in scene viewing and representation. In scene viewing (Experiments 1-2), semantic guidance overshadowed perceptual guidance in determining fixation order, with the greatest prioritization for objects that were diagnostic of the scene's depicted event. Perceptual properties affected selection of consistent objects (regardless of their informativeness) but not of inconsistent objects. Semantic and perceptual properties also interacted in influencing foveal inspection, as inconsistent objects were fixated longer than low but not high salience diagnostic objects. While not studied in direct competition with each other (each studied in competition with diagnostic objects), we found that inconsistent objects were fixated earlier and for longer than consistent but marginally informative objects. In change detection (Experiment 3), perceptual guidance overshadowed semantic guidance, promoting detection of highly salient changes. A residual advantage for diagnosticity over inconsistency emerged only when selection prioritization could not be based on low-level features. Overall these findings show that semantic inconsistency is not prioritized within a scene when competing with other relevant information that is essential to scene understanding and respects observers' expectations. Moreover, they reveal that the relative dominance of semantic or perceptual properties during selection depends on ongoing task requirements. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们研究了语义信息量、与预期的一致性以及感知显著性在场景观看和表征中对物体优先级的贡献程度。在场景观看（实验1 - 2）中，在确定注视顺序时，语义引导比感知引导更具影响力，对于能够诊断场景所描绘事件的物体具有最高优先级。感知属性影响对一致物体的选择（无论其信息量如何），但不影响对不一致物体的选择。语义和感知属性在影响中央凹检查方面也存在相互作用，因为不一致的物体比低显著性但非高显著性的诊断物体被注视的时间更长。虽然没有直接研究它们之间的竞争关系（每项研究都是与诊断物体进行竞争），但我们发现不一致的物体比一致但信息量较少的物体被更早且更长时间地注视。在变化检测（实验3）中，感知引导比语义引导更具影响力，促进了对高显著性变化的检测。只有当选择优先级不能基于低层次特征时，诊断性相对于不一致性才会出现残余优势。总体而言，这些发现表明，当与对场景理解至关重要且符合观察者预期的其他相关信息竞争时，语义不一致在场景中并不具有优先级。此外，它们揭示了选择过程中语义或感知属性的相对主导地位取决于当前的任务要求。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
