Akram Muhammad, Iqbal Mehwish, Daniyal Muhammad, Khan Asmat Ullah
Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Old Campus, Allam Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Main Campus, Sharea Madinat al-Hikmah, Mohammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi, 74600, Sindh, Pakistan.
Biol Res. 2017 Oct 2;50(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9.
Breast cancer remains a worldwide public health dilemma and is currently the most common tumour in the globe. Awareness of breast cancer, public attentiveness, and advancement in breast imaging has made a positive impact on recognition and screening of breast cancer. Breast cancer is life-threatening disease in females and the leading cause of mortality among women population. For the previous two decades, studies related to the breast cancer has guided to astonishing advancement in our understanding of the breast cancer, resulting in further proficient treatments. Amongst all the malignant diseases, breast cancer is considered as one of the leading cause of death in post menopausal women accounting for 23% of all cancer deaths. It is a global issue now, but still it is diagnosed in their advanced stages due to the negligence of women regarding the self inspection and clinical examination of the breast. This review addresses anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology of breast cancer, pathogenesis of breast cancer, stages of breast cancer, diagnostic investigations and treatment including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy and stem-cell therapy etc for breast cancer.
乳腺癌仍然是一个全球性的公共卫生难题，目前是全球最常见的肿瘤。乳腺癌意识、公众关注度以及乳腺成像技术的进步对乳腺癌的识别和筛查产生了积极影响。乳腺癌是女性的致命疾病，也是女性人群死亡的主要原因。在过去的二十年里，与乳腺癌相关的研究使我们对乳腺癌的认识取得了惊人的进展，从而带来了更有效的治疗方法。在所有恶性疾病中，乳腺癌被认为是绝经后女性死亡的主要原因之一，占所有癌症死亡人数的23%。这现在是一个全球性问题，但由于女性对乳房自我检查和临床检查的疏忽，乳腺癌仍在晚期才被诊断出来。本综述阐述了乳房的解剖结构、危险因素、乳腺癌的流行病学、发病机制、分期、诊断检查以及治疗方法，包括乳腺癌的化疗、手术、靶向治疗、激素替代疗法、放射治疗、辅助疗法、基因治疗和干细胞治疗等。
