First and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602; and second, third, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605-2720.
Phytopathology. 2018 Mar;108(3):312-326. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-17-0203-RVW. Epub 2018 Jan 2.
The importance of understanding the biology of the mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides and its various microbial and plant host interactions is critical given its threat to maize, one of the world's most valuable food crops. Disease outbreaks and mycotoxin contamination of grain threaten economic returns and have grave implications for human and animal health and food security. Furthermore, F. verticillioides is a member of a genus of significant phytopathogens and, thus, data regarding its host association, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and other metabolic (degradative) capabilities are consequential to both basic and applied research efforts across multiple pathosystems. Notorious among its secondary metabolites are the fumonisin mycotoxins, which cause severe animal diseases and are implicated in human disease. Additionally, studies of these mycotoxins have led to new understandings of F. verticillioides plant pathogenicity and provide tools for research into cellular processes and host-pathogen interaction strategies. This review presents current knowledge regarding several significant lines of F. verticillioides research, including facets of toxin production, virulence, and novel fitness strategies exhibited by this fungus across rhizosphere and plant environments.
鉴于其对玉米（世界上最有价值的粮食作物之一）的威胁，了解产毒真菌轮枝镰孢菌及其与各种微生物和植物宿主相互作用的生物学特性至关重要。疾病爆发和谷物中霉菌毒素的污染威胁着经济回报，并对人类和动物健康以及粮食安全产生严重影响。此外，轮枝镰孢菌是一个重要的植物病原菌属的成员，因此，关于其宿主关联、次生代谢物生物合成以及其他代谢（降解）能力的数据对于多个病理系统的基础和应用研究都具有重要意义。其次生代谢物中最臭名昭著的是伏马菌素霉菌毒素，它会引起严重的动物疾病，并与人类疾病有关。此外，对这些霉菌毒素的研究导致了对轮枝镰孢菌植物致病性的新认识，并为研究细胞过程和宿主-病原体相互作用策略提供了工具。本文综述了轮枝镰孢菌研究的几个重要方面的最新知识，包括毒素产生、毒性和该真菌在根际和植物环境中表现出的新型适应策略。
