Park Kiyun, Kwak Ihn-Sil
Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, South Korea.
Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, South Korea.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;190:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.118. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
Antibiotics in the environment are a concern due to their potential to harm humans and interrupt ecosystems. Sulfathiazole (STZ), a sulfonamide antibiotic, is commonly used in aquaculture and is typically found in aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the ecological risk of STZ by examining biological, molecular and biochemical response in Chironomus riparius. Samples were exposed to STZ for 12, 24 and 96 h, and effects of STZ were evaluated at the molecular level by analyzing changes in gene expression related to the endocrine system, cellular stress response and enzyme activity of genes on antioxidant and detoxification pathways. STZ exposure induced significant effects on survival, growth and sex ratio of emergent adults and mouthpart deformity in C. riparius. STZ caused concentration and time-dependent toxicity in most of the selected biomarkers. STZ exposure leads to significant heat-shock response of protein genes (HSP70, HSP40, HSP90 and HSP27) and to disruption by up-regulating selected genes, including the ecdysone receptor gene, estrogen-related receptors, ultraspiracle and E74 early ecdysone-responsive gene. Furthermore, STZ induced alteration of enzyme activities on antioxidant and detoxification responses (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase) in C. riparius. By inducing oxidative stress, antibiotic STZ disturbs the endocrine system and produces adverse effects in growth processes of invertebrates.
环境中的抗生素因其可能危害人类和扰乱生态系统而备受关注。磺胺噻唑（STZ）是一种磺胺类抗生素，常用于水产养殖，通常存在于水生生态系统中。我们通过检测摇蚊的生物学、分子和生化反应来评估STZ的生态风险。将样本暴露于STZ中12、24和96小时，并通过分析与内分泌系统、细胞应激反应以及抗氧化和解毒途径相关基因的表达变化，在分子水平上评估STZ的影响。STZ暴露对羽化成虫的存活、生长和性别比例以及摇蚊的口器畸形产生了显著影响。在大多数选定的生物标志物中，STZ引起了浓度和时间依赖性毒性。STZ暴露导致蛋白质基因（HSP70、HSP40、HSP90和HSP27）出现显著的热休克反应，并通过上调选定基因（包括蜕皮激素受体基因、雌激素相关受体、超气门蛋白和E74早期蜕皮激素反应基因）而造成干扰。此外，STZ诱导了摇蚊抗氧化和解毒反应（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化物酶）的酶活性改变。抗生素STZ通过诱导氧化应激，扰乱内分泌系统，并在无脊椎动物的生长过程中产生不利影响。
