Cota L G, Moreira P A, Brandão M M, Royo V A, Junior A F Melo, Menezes E V, Oliveira D A
Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Recursos Genéticos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, , Brasil.
Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, , Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2017 Sep 27;16(3):gmr-16-03-gmr.16039778. doi: 10.4238/gmr16039778.
Anacardium humile Saint Hilaire is a tropical shrub native to the Cerrado biome. It is a fruiting species with biological, medicinal, and socioeconomic significance. Thus, knowing how the genetic variability of natural populations is organized allows for the establishment of strategies for conservation and the sustainable use of the species and its biome. Six microsatellite loci previously developed from Anacardium occidentale were used to investigate the spatial genetic structure and genetic diversity of eight natural A. humile populations based on analyses of 242 adult plants. The results obtained indicate that these populations show a high level of genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity = 0.710). The endogamy coefficient was positive and significant for most populations, with a mean of 0.142 (P = 0.001). The genetic differentiation between populations was low (θ = 0.075 and G = 0.066) but significant (P = 0.0001). The genotypes of five of the eight populations were non-randomly distributed with clusters of related plants for which the coancestry values were positive and significant. These populations exhibited high and significant endogamy indices. The results obtained for A. humile populations show that genetic conservation programs should be implemented to maintain this species.
矮腰果圣伊莱尔是一种原产于塞拉多生物群落的热带灌木。它是一种具有生物学、药用和社会经济意义的结果实物种。因此，了解自然种群的遗传变异性如何组织，有助于制定保护策略以及该物种及其生物群落的可持续利用策略。基于对242株成年植株的分析，利用先前从西方腰果开发的6个微卫星位点，研究了8个矮腰果自然种群的空间遗传结构和遗传多样性。所得结果表明，这些种群表现出高水平的遗传多样性（预期杂合度=0.710）。大多数种群的自交系数为正且显著，平均值为0.142（P = 0.001）。种群间的遗传分化较低（θ = 0.075，G = 0.066）但显著（P = 0.0001）。八个种群中有五个种群的基因型呈非随机分布，相关植株聚集成簇，其共同祖先值为正且显著。这些种群表现出高且显著的自交指数。矮腰果种群的研究结果表明，应实施遗传保护计划以维持该物种。
