Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Nature. 2017 Oct 4;550(7674):53-60. doi: 10.1038/nature24031.
Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical properties is transforming the study, manipulation and evolution of proteins, and is enabling diverse applications, including approaches to probe, image and control protein function, and to precisely engineer therapeutics. Underpinning this transformation are strategies to engineer and rewire translation. Emerging strategies aim to reprogram the genetic code so that noncanonical biopolymers can be synthesized and evolved, and to test the limits of our ability to engineer the translational machinery and systematically recode genomes.
自然界使用有限的、保守的氨基酸集合来合成蛋白质。通过遗传编码扩展的、具有新化学和物理性质的构建块的能力正在改变蛋白质的研究、操作和进化，并为各种应用提供了可能，包括探测、成像和控制蛋白质功能的方法，以及精确设计治疗药物的方法。这种转变的基础是设计和重编翻译的策略。新兴策略旨在重新编程遗传密码，以合成和进化非规范生物聚合物，并测试我们设计翻译机制和系统重编码基因组的能力极限。
