Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.
Microbiol Spectr. 2017 Oct;5(5). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0012-2016.
Commensal and beneficial microbes secrete myriad products which target the mammalian host and other microbes. These secreted substances aid in bacterial niche development, and select compounds beneficially modulate the host and promote health. Microbes produce unique compounds which can serve as signaling factors to the host, such as biogenic amine neuromodulators, or quorum-sensing molecules to facilitate inter-bacterial communication. Bacterial metabolites can also participate in functional enhancement of host metabolic capabilities, immunoregulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Secreted products such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and bacteriocin-like substances can also target the microbiome. Microbes differ greatly in their metabolic potential and subsequent host effects. As a result, knowledge about microbial metabolites will facilitate selection of next-generation probiotics and therapeutic compounds derived from the mammalian microbiome. In this article we describe prominent examples of microbial metabolites and their effects on microbial communities and the mammalian host.
共生有益微生物会分泌大量针对哺乳动物宿主和其他微生物的产物。这些分泌物质有助于细菌小生境的发展，选择有益的化合物来调节宿主并促进健康。微生物产生独特的化合物，可以作为信号因子传递给宿主，如生物胺神经调节剂或群体感应分子，以促进细菌间的通信。细菌代谢物也可以参与宿主代谢能力、免疫调节和肠道屏障功能的增强。乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素和细菌素样物质等分泌产物也可以针对微生物组。微生物在代谢潜力和对宿主的后续影响方面差异很大。因此，对微生物代谢物的了解将有助于选择下一代源自哺乳动物微生物组的益生菌和治疗化合物。在本文中，我们描述了微生物代谢物的突出例子及其对微生物群落和哺乳动物宿主的影响。
