15 年非成绩导向型医学院校选拔经验教训。
Lessons learned from 15 years of non-grades-based selection for medical school.
机构信息
Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Med Educ. 2018 Jan;52(1):86-95. doi: 10.1111/medu.13462. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
CONTEXT
Thirty years ago, it was suggested in the Edinburgh Declaration that medical school applicants should be selected not only on academic, but also on non-academic, attributes. The main rationale behind extending medical school selection procedures with the evaluation of (non-academic) personal qualities is that this will lead to the selection of students who will perform better as a doctor than those who are selected on the basis of academic measures only. A second rationale is the expectation that this will lead to a representative health workforce as a result of reduced adverse impact. The aims of this paper are (i) to describe what can be learned about the use of selection criteria other than grades from over 15 years of Dutch experience and (ii) to summarise current knowledge on the issue of adverse impact in relation to non-grades-based selection.
METHODS
A narrative review was undertaken of the (published) evidence that has resulted from non-grades-based school-specific selection procedures in the Netherlands and from recent explorations of the effect of the use of non-grades-based selection criteria on student diversity.
RESULTS
The Dutch evidence is grouped into five key themes: the effect of participation in voluntary selection procedures, the assessment of pre-university extracurricular activities, the use of work samples, Dutch experiences with situational judgement tests and the effects of changing circumstances. This is followed by several lessons learned for medical schools that aim to increase their student diversity.
CONCLUSION
Over the last 30 years, important steps towards reliable and valid methods for measuring non-academic abilities have been taken. The current paper describes several lessons that can be learned from the steps taken in the Dutch context. The importance of sharing evidence gathered around the globe and building on this evidence to reach our goal of predicting who will be a good doctor is acknowledged.
背景
三十年前，《爱丁堡宣言》提出，医学院申请者不仅应根据学术成绩，还应根据非学术属性来选拔。将（非学术）个人素质评估纳入医学院选拔程序的主要依据是，这将遴选出比仅根据学业成绩选拔的学生表现更出色的医生。第二个依据是，预计这将减少不利影响，从而使医疗队伍更具代表性。本文的目的是：（一）描述从荷兰 15 年以上的经验中可以了解到哪些关于使用成绩以外的选拔标准的信息；（二）总结与非成绩基础选拔相关的不利影响问题的当前知识。
方法
对荷兰非成绩基础的学校特定选拔程序所产生的（已发表）证据进行了叙述性综述，以及对最近探索使用非成绩基础选拔标准对学生多样性的影响的综述。
结果
荷兰的证据分为五个关键主题：参与志愿选拔程序的效果、课外预大学活动的评估、工作样本的使用、荷兰情境判断测试的经验以及环境变化的影响。接着介绍了几所医学院为提高学生多样性而获得的经验。
结论
在过去的 30 年中，在衡量非学术能力的可靠和有效方法方面取得了重要进展。本文描述了从荷兰背景下采取的措施中可以吸取的一些经验教训。承认有必要共享全球范围内收集的证据，并在此基础上进行扩展，以实现我们预测谁将成为优秀医生的目标。
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