Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
Int J Dermatol. 2018 Mar;57(3):265-275. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13748. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Diaper dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin eruption within the diaper area in infants and toddlers. Although it rarely causes problems for prolonged periods of time, it causes considerable distress for both infants and parents. Diapered skin is exposed to friction, excessive hydration, varying pH, and is in constant contact with urine and feces, both of which are highly irritant to the skin. The three most common types of diaper dermatitis include chaffing dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and diaper candidiasis. However, a variety of other skin conditions may manifest in the diaper area. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are most frequently isolated from the affected area and are thought to have a predominant role in diaper dermatitis. The review includes an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and common skin microbiota in the diaper area. State-of-the-art strategies for diagnosis, management, and prevention of diaper dermatitis are also included. Appropriate skin care can help in the prevention of diaper dermatitis and can aid the reparation of the skin. This review discusses common causes, skin microbiota within the diapered area, differential diagnosis, and finally possible prevention and treatment recommendations. Recent findings have proven that the key to efficient eradication of irritant diaper dermatitis lies in its prevention.
尿布皮炎是婴儿和学步期儿童尿布区域内最常见的炎症性皮肤疹。尽管它很少会持续长时间出现问题，但它会给婴儿和父母都带来相当大的痛苦。尿布覆盖的皮肤会受到摩擦、过度湿润、pH 值变化以及持续与尿液和粪便接触的影响，而尿液和粪便对皮肤都具有高度刺激性。尿布皮炎的三种最常见类型包括摩擦性皮炎、刺激性接触性皮炎和尿布念珠菌病。然而，其他各种皮肤状况也可能在尿布区域表现出来。受影响区域最常分离出白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，它们被认为在尿布皮炎中起主要作用。本综述包括对尿布区域的流行病学、病因和常见皮肤微生物群的概述。还包括对尿布皮炎的诊断、管理和预防的最新策略。适当的皮肤护理有助于预防尿布皮炎，并有助于皮肤修复。本综述讨论了常见病因、尿布区域内的皮肤微生物群、鉴别诊断，最后是可能的预防和治疗建议。最近的发现证明，有效消除刺激性尿布皮炎的关键在于预防。
