Bienkowski Michal, Furtner Julia, Hainfellner Johannes A
Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - Central Nervous System Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2017;145:477-534. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00032-8.
Brain tumor typing is a major task in the daily practice of clinical neuropathologists. For more than 100 years, brain tumors have been classified on the basis of a histogenetic concept, with the definition of more than 120 brain tumor entities over time. In the past decades, biomedical research on brain tumors has led to the identification of clinically meaningful diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular markers. Taking this progress into account, the 2016 update of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system has incorporated for the first time molecular markers for definition of brain tumor entities. This development has resulted in integrated diagnostics on the basis of histologic and molecular characteristics. This chapter summarizes essential features of brain tumors in the light of integrated diagnostics. To provide a comprehensive view on the individual tumor entities, we included crucial epidemiologic, clinical, and neuroradiologic aspects as well. In addition we illustrate neuroimaging and histologic characteristics of the various tumor types. In this way we aim to provide concise up-to-date insight into the nature and classification of brain tumors.
脑肿瘤分型是临床神经病理学家日常工作中的一项主要任务。100多年来，脑肿瘤一直是根据组织发生学概念进行分类的，随着时间的推移，已定义了120多种脑肿瘤实体。在过去几十年中，对脑肿瘤的生物医学研究已导致识别出具有临床意义的诊断、预后和预测分子标志物。考虑到这一进展，2016年世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类更新首次纳入了用于定义脑肿瘤实体的分子标志物。这一发展促成了基于组织学和分子特征的综合诊断。本章根据综合诊断总结了脑肿瘤的基本特征。为了全面了解各个肿瘤实体，我们还纳入了关键的流行病学、临床和神经放射学方面的内容。此外，我们还展示了各种肿瘤类型的神经影像学和组织学特征。通过这种方式，我们旨在提供关于脑肿瘤的性质和分类的简洁最新见解。
