Curran Evonne T
NHS National Services Scotland, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
J Infect Prev. 2015 Sep;16(5):222-229. doi: 10.1177/1757177415588379. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
Outbreak column 17 introduces the utility of Situation Awareness (SA) for outbreak management. For any given time period, an individual or team's SA involves a perception of what is going on, meaning derived from the perception and a prediction of what is likely to happen next. The individual or team's SA informs, but is separate to, both the decisions and actions that follow. The accuracy and completeness of an individual or team's SA will therefore impact on the effectiveness of decisions and actions taken. SA was developed by the aviation industry and is utilised in situations which, like outbreaks, have dynamic, i.e. continuously changing problem spaces, and wherein a loss of SA is likely to lead to both poor decision-making and actions with potentially fatal consequences. The potential benefits of using SA for outbreaks are discussed and include: (1) retrospectively to identify if poor decision-making was a result of a poor SA; (2) prospectively to identify where the system is weakest; and (3) as a teaching tool to improve the skills of individuals and teams in developing a shared understanding of the here and now.
突发情况专栏17介绍了态势感知（SA）在突发情况管理中的作用。在任何给定时间段内，个人或团队的态势感知包括对正在发生的事情的认知、从这种认知中得出的意义以及对接下来可能发生的事情的预测。个人或团队的态势感知为后续的决策和行动提供信息，但与它们是分开的。因此，个人或团队态势感知的准确性和完整性将影响所采取决策和行动的有效性。态势感知由航空业发展而来，并应用于类似突发情况的场景中，这些场景具有动态性，即问题空间不断变化，而且态势感知的缺失很可能导致决策失误和行动不当，进而可能产生致命后果。文中讨论了将态势感知应用于突发情况的潜在益处，包括：（1）回顾性地确定决策失误是否是态势感知不佳的结果；（2）前瞻性地确定系统最薄弱的环节；（3）作为一种教学工具，提高个人和团队对当前情况形成共同理解的技能。
