Aguado Brian A, Bushnell Grace G, Rao Shreyas S, Jeruss Jacqueline S, Shea Lonnie D
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Nat Biomed Eng. 2017;1. doi: 10.1038/s41551-017-0077. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
The pre-metastatic niche - the accumulation of aberrant immune cells and extracellular matrix proteins in target organs - primes the initially healthy organ microenvironment and renders it amenable for subsequent metastatic cell colonization. By attracting metastatic cancer cells, mimics of the pre-metastatic niche offer both diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, deconstructing the complexity of the niche by identifying the interactions between cell populations and the mediatory roles of the immune system, soluble factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and stromal cells has proved challenging. Experimental models need to recapitulate niche-population biology and mediate tumour-cell homing, colonization and proliferation. In this Review, we outline the biology of the pre-metastatic niche and discuss advances in engineered niche-mimicking biomaterials that regulate the behaviour of tumour cells at an implant site. Such oncomaterials offer strategies for early detection of metastatic events, inhibiting the formation of the pre-metastatic niche, and attenuating metastatic progression.
前转移微环境——靶器官中异常免疫细胞和细胞外基质蛋白的积累——使原本健康的器官微环境发生改变，并使其易于随后的转移细胞定植。通过吸引转移性癌细胞，前转移微环境模拟物具有诊断和治疗潜力。然而，通过识别细胞群体之间的相互作用以及免疫系统、可溶性因子、细胞外基质蛋白和基质细胞的介导作用来解构微环境的复杂性已被证明具有挑战性。实验模型需要概括微环境群体生物学，并介导肿瘤细胞归巢、定植和增殖。在本综述中，我们概述了前转移微环境的生物学，并讨论了工程化的微环境模拟生物材料在调节植入部位肿瘤细胞行为方面的进展。此类肿瘤材料为转移事件的早期检测、抑制前转移微环境的形成以及减轻转移进展提供了策略。
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