Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK.
NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK.
Br J Health Psychol. 2018 Feb;23(1):68-87. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12275. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
To investigate the suitability of the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) for use with adolescents with a long-term pain condition and to validate a new questionnaire for use with this age group.
A three-phase mixed-methods study.
Phase 1 comprised in-depth qualitative analyses of audio-recorded cognitive interviews with 20 adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who were answering IPQ-R items. Transcripts were coded using framework analysis. A content analysis of their intended responses to individual items was also conducted. In Phase 2, a new questionnaire was developed and its linguistic and face validity were assessed with 18 adolescents without long-term conditions. In Phase 3, the construct validity of the new questionnaire was assessed with 240 adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A subset of 43 adolescents completed the questionnaire a second time to assess test-retest reliability. All participants were aged 11-16 years.
Participants described both conceptual and response format difficulties when answering IPQ-R items. In response, the Pain Perception Questionnaire for Young People (PPQ-YP) was designed which incorporated significant modifications to both wording and response formats when compared with the IPQ-R. A principal component analysis of the PPQ-YP identified ten constructs in the new questionnaire. Emotional representations were separated into two constructs, responsive and anticipatory emotions. The PPQ-YP showed high test-retest reliability.
Symptom beliefs appear to be more salient to adolescents with a long-term pain condition than beliefs about the illness as a whole. A new questionnaire to assess pain beliefs of adolescents was designed. Further validation work may be needed to assess its suitability for use with other pain conditions. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Versions of the adult Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) have been adapted for adolescents and children by changing item wording; however, research to assess the degree to which the underlying IPQ-R constructs are relevant to adolescents with a long-term condition had not been performed. What the present study adds? In adolescents, beliefs about symptoms of their condition are more salient than beliefs about the illness as a whole. Question response formats for children and young people need to take account of age-specific abilities. A new questionnaire has been designed for adolescents with pain. It is theoretically congruent with the CS-SRM.
探讨修订后的疾病感知问卷（IPQ-R）是否适用于患有长期疼痛的青少年，并验证一种新的适用于该年龄组的问卷。
一项三阶段混合方法研究。
第 1 阶段包括对 20 名患有青少年特发性关节炎的青少年进行音频记录的认知访谈的深入定性分析，他们回答了 IPQ-R 项目。使用框架分析对转录本进行编码。还对他们对个别项目的预期反应进行了内容分析。在第 2 阶段，开发了一种新的问卷，并对其语言和表面效度进行了评估，参与者为 18 名无长期疾病的青少年。在第 3 阶段，使用 240 名青少年特发性关节炎患者评估新问卷的结构效度。其中 43 名青少年完成了第二次问卷评估以测试重测信度。所有参与者的年龄为 11-16 岁。
参与者在回答 IPQ-R 项目时描述了概念和反应格式方面的困难。因此，设计了青少年疼痛感知问卷（PPQ-YP），与 IPQ-R 相比，该问卷在措辞和反应格式上都进行了重大修改。对 PPQ-YP 的主成分分析在新问卷中确定了 10 个结构。情感表现分为两个结构，反应性和预期性情绪。PPQ-YP 显示出较高的重测信度。
对患有长期疼痛的青少年来说，症状信念似乎比对整个疾病的信念更重要。设计了一种新的评估青少年疼痛信念的问卷。可能需要进一步的验证工作来评估其在其他疼痛疾病中的适用性。
本研究的贡献是什么？
在这一主题上已经有哪些已知内容？
成人修订后的疾病感知问卷（IPQ-R）的版本已通过更改项目措辞来适应青少年和儿童；然而，尚未进行研究评估青少年长期疾病患者中潜在的 IPQ-R 结构的相关性。
本研究增加了什么新内容？
在青少年中，对其疾病症状的信念比对整个疾病的信念更为重要。儿童和青少年的问题回答格式需要考虑到年龄特定的能力。为患有疼痛的青少年设计了一种新的问卷。它与 CS-SRM 在理论上是一致的。
