Strayer-Scherer A, Liao Y Y, Young M, Ritchie L, Vallad G E, Santra S, Freeman J H, Clark D, Jones J B, Paret M L
First, second, and ninth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; third author: NanoScience Technology Center and Burnett School of Biomedical Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32826; fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351; fifth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma 33598; sixth author: NanoScience Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando; and tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy.
Phytopathology. 2018 Feb;108(2):196-205. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-17-0221-R. Epub 2018 Jan 3.
Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a widespread and damaging bacterial disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). For disease management, growers rely on copper bactericides, which are often ineffective due to the presence of copper-tolerant Xanthomonas strains. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the new copper composites core-shell copper (CS-Cu), multivalent copper (MV-Cu), and fixed quaternary ammonium copper (FQ-Cu) as potential alternatives to commercially available micron-sized copper bactericides for controlling copper-tolerant Xanthomonas perforans. In vitro, metallic copper from CS-Cu and FQ-Cu at 100 μg/ml killed the copper-tolerant X. perforans strain within 1 h of exposure. In contrast, none of the micron-sized copper rates (100 to 1,000 μg/ml) from Kocide 3000 significantly reduced copper-tolerant X. perforans populations after 48 h of exposure compared with the water control (P < 0.05). All copper-based treatments killed the copper-sensitive X. perforans strain within 1 h. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that all copper composites significantly reduced bacterial spot disease severity when compared with copper-mancozeb and water controls (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant impact on yield, copper composites significantly reduced disease severity when compared with water controls, using 80% less metallic copper in comparison with copper-mancozeb in field studies (P < 0.05). This study highlights the discovery that copper composites have the potential to manage copper-tolerant X. perforans and tomato bacterial spot.
由黄单胞菌属引起的番茄细菌性斑点病是番茄（茄属番茄）中一种广泛存在且具有破坏性的细菌性病害。为了进行病害管理，种植者依赖于铜基杀菌剂，但由于存在耐铜黄单胞菌菌株，这些杀菌剂往往效果不佳。本研究评估了新型铜复合材料核壳铜（CS-Cu）、多价铜（MV-Cu）和固定季铵铜（FQ-Cu）作为市售微米级铜基杀菌剂的潜在替代品，用于控制耐铜穿孔黄单胞菌的抗菌活性。在体外，100μg/ml的CS-Cu和FQ-Cu中的金属铜在暴露1小时内杀死了耐铜穿孔黄单胞菌菌株。相比之下，与水对照相比，科博3000的微米级铜制剂浓度（100至1000μg/ml）在暴露48小时后均未显著降低耐铜穿孔黄单胞菌的数量（P<0.05）。所有基于铜的处理在1小时内杀死了铜敏感的穿孔黄单胞菌菌株。温室研究表明，与铜锰锌和水对照相比，所有铜复合材料均显著降低了细菌性斑点病的严重程度（P<0.05）。虽然对产量没有显著影响，但与水对照相比，铜复合材料显著降低了病害严重程度；在田间研究中，与铜锰锌相比，使用的金属铜减少了80%（P<0.05）。本研究突出了一个发现，即铜复合材料有潜力管理耐铜穿孔黄单胞菌和番茄细菌性斑点病。
