Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Respiratory Services, Valley Regional Hospital, 243 Elm Street, Claremont, NH 03743, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2017 Nov;33(4):503-521. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
Dyspnea is due to an imbalance between the demand to breathe and the ability to breathe. The prevalence is ∼30% for those 65 years or older with walking on a level surface or up an incline. Dyspnea is a strong predictor of mortality in elderly individuals. Anemia, cardiovascular disease, deconditioning, psychological disorders, and respiratory diseases are common causes of dyspnea. Initial treatments to relieve breathing discomfort should be directed toward improving the pathophysiology of the underlying disease. Simple and inexpensive strategies to relieve dyspnea are available. This article provides an update on the evaluation of chronic dyspnea in elderly individuals.
呼吸困难是由于呼吸需求与呼吸能力之间失衡引起的。在 65 岁或以上的人群中，平地上行走或爬坡时，呼吸困难的患病率约为 30%。呼吸困难是老年患者死亡的一个强有力的预测因素。贫血、心血管疾病、身体失能、心理障碍和呼吸系统疾病是呼吸困难的常见原因。缓解呼吸困难的初始治疗应针对改善潜在疾病的病理生理学。缓解呼吸困难的简单且廉价的策略是可用的。本文就老年人慢性呼吸困难的评估提供了最新信息。
