School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India.
Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;190:307-326. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.120. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
The emergence of issues related to environment from ECs is a topic under serious discussions worldwide in recent years. Indian scenario is not an exception as it is tremendously growing in its rate of production and consumption of compounds belongs to ECs categories. However, a comprehensive documentation on the occurrence of ECs and consequent ARGs as well as their toxic effects on vertebrates on Indian context is still lacking. In the present study, an extensive literature survey was carried out to get an idea on the geographical distribution of ECs in various environmental matrices (water, air, soil, sediment and sludge) and biological samples by dividing the entire subcontinent into six zones based on climatic, geographical and cultural features. A comprehensive assessment of the toxicological effects of ECs and the consequent antibiotic resistant genes has been included. It is found that studies on the screening of ECs are scarce and concentrated in certain geological locations. A total of 166 individual compounds belonging to 36 categories have been reported so far. Pharmaceuticals and drugs occupy the major share in these compounds followed by PFASs, EDCs, PCPs, ASWs and flame retardants. This review throws light on the alarming situation in India where the highest ever reported values of concentrations of some of these compounds are from India. This necessitates a national level monitoring system for ECs in order to assess the magnitude of environmental risks posed by these compounds.
近年来，环境相关问题的出现一直是全球范围内的一个热门话题。印度的情况也不例外，其化合物的生产和消费增长率极高，这些化合物属于 EC 类别。然而，关于印度环境中 ECs 及其相关 ARGs 的出现情况以及它们对脊椎动物的毒性影响，仍然缺乏全面的文献记录。在本研究中，通过根据气候、地理和文化特征将整个次大陆划分为六个区域，对各种环境基质（水、空气、土壤、沉积物和污泥）和生物样本中的 ECs 的地理分布进行了广泛的文献调查，以了解其情况。还对 ECs 的毒理学效应及其相关抗生素耐药基因进行了综合评估。结果发现，对 ECs 的筛选研究很少，且集中在某些地理位置。迄今为止，已经报道了总共 166 种属于 36 类的化合物。这些化合物中，药物和药品占据了主要份额，其次是 PFASs、EDCs、PCPs、ASWs 和阻燃剂。这篇综述揭示了印度令人担忧的情况，其中一些化合物的浓度是印度有史以来报道的最高值。这就需要建立一个全国性的 ECs 监测系统，以评估这些化合物对环境造成的风险程度。
