The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Am Psychol. 2017 Oct;72(7):655-667. doi: 10.1037/amp0000058.
At the intersection between neuroscience, microbiology, and psychiatry, the enteric microbiome has potential to become a novel paradigm for studying the psychobiological underpinnings of mental illness. Several studies provide support for the view that the enteric microbiome influences behavior through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Moreover, recent findings are suggestive of the possibility that dysregulation of the enteric microbiota (i.e., dysbiosis) and associated bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelium may be involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. The current article reviews preliminary evidence linking the enteric microbiota and its metabolites to psychiatric illness, along with separate lines of empirical inquiry on the potential involvement of psychosocial stressors, proinflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and vagal nerve activation, respectively, in this relationship. Finally, and drawing on these independent lines of research, an integrative conceptual model is proposed in which stress-induced enteric dysbiosis and intestinal permeability confer risk for negative mental health outcomes through immunoregulatory, endocrinal, and neural pathways. (PsycINFO Database Record
在神经科学、微生物学和精神病学的交叉点上，肠道微生物组有可能成为研究精神疾病心理生物学基础的新范例。一些研究为肠道微生物组通过微生物群-肠道-大脑轴影响行为的观点提供了支持。此外，最近的发现表明，肠道微生物组的失调（即，肠道菌群失调）和相关的细菌跨肠上皮易位可能与应激相关精神疾病的病理生理学有关，特别是抑郁症。本文综述了将肠道微生物组及其代谢物与精神疾病联系起来的初步证据，以及分别探讨心理社会应激源、促炎细胞因子和神经炎症、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴以及迷走神经激活在这种关系中的潜在作用的独立研究线索。最后，借鉴这些独立的研究线索，提出了一个综合概念模型，其中应激诱导的肠道菌群失调和肠道通透性通过免疫调节、内分泌和神经途径赋予负面心理健康结果的风险。
